<STRONG>世界上最迷人的英文新诗:Xanadu - Kubla Khan</STRONG>
<DIV><FONT size=2>最近真的是忙死了,第三批保持共产党员先进性教育活动刚刚开始不久,马上又要召开“两会”,忙不完的材料、发不完的新闻、做不完的专题,简直是让人想跳楼。今天,是元旦的最后一天了,前两天回岳母家玩,今天下午回家,下午忙前忙后打扫家里的清洁,然后现在才有时间上来看看博客。今天要发的博文其实我早已经有意向了,前几天偶然看到的一首诗歌,觉得确实很不错,想直接发上来吧,又觉得有些让人难以理解,要把诗歌的背景说清楚吧,又没那么多时间,所以就一直压在我心里,直到现在才完整的整理出来。</FONT>
<DIV align=justify><FONT face=Arial size=2> 欣赏这首诗歌之前,想让大家了解一个“名”词:Xanadu,源自蒙语,代表的是神秘、如同田园般诗情画意的世处桃源,这个词是诗歌的核心,而且影响也比较深远。Xanadu(元上都,或Shangdu,后被外国人称为“世外桃源”),位于今中国内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟正蓝旗境内。元世祖忽必烈即位以前(1256年),命刘秉忠建王府于此,1279年灭宋后,改为陪都,作避暑行宫,夏天在这里处理政务。上都广为西方人认识,原因是13世纪马可孛罗于此地获忽必烈觐见,于其《游记》中记载都城生活的奢华:“内有大理石宫殿,甚美,其房舍内皆涂金,绘重重鸟兽花木,工巧之极,技术之佳,见之足以娱乐人心目”。18世纪英国诗人Samuel Coleridge (萨缪尔·柯勒律,也有人翻译为“科立芝”)阅《游记》后,于其诗篇中赞美:“上都坐忽必烈汗,恢宏皇城乐御邦”(In Xanadu did Kubla Khan, A stately pleasure-dome decree...)。后来西方人以“Xanadu”比拟作“世外桃源”。土卫六上的最大亮区俗称为“Xanadu Regio”,因没有人知道那里是什么样。</FONT></DIV>
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=3><STRONG>Xanadu—Kubla Khan</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2>by Samuel Taylor Coleridge </FONT></DIV>
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<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#494949 size=2>In Xanadu did Kubla Khan<BR>A stately pleasure-dome decree:<BR>Where Alph, the sacred river, ran<BR>Through caverns measureless to man<BR>Down to a sunless sea.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#494949 size=2>So twice five miles of fertile ground<BR>With walls and towers were girdled round:<BR>And there were gardens bright with sinuous rills,<BR>Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;<BR>And here were forests ancient as the hills,<BR>Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#494949 size=2>But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slanted<BR>Down the green hill athwart a cedarn cover!<BR>A savage place! as holy and enchanted<BR>As e'er beneath a waning moon was haunted<BR>By woman wailing for her demon-lover!<BR>And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething,<BR>As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing,<BR>A mighty fountain momently was forced:<BR>Amid whose swift half-intermitted burst<BR>Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,<BR>Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail:<BR>And 'mid these dancing rocks at once and ever<BR>It flung up momently the sacred river.<BR>Five miles meandering with a mazy motion<BR>Through wood and dale the sacred river ran,<BR>Then reached the caverns measureless to man,<BR>And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean:<BR>And 'mid this tumult Kubla heard from far<BR>Ancestral voices prophesying war!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#494949 size=2>The shadow of the dome of pleasure<BR>Floated midway on the waves;<BR>Where was heard the mingled measure<BR>From the fountain and the caves.<BR>It was a miracle of rare device,<BR>A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice!</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial color=#494949 size=2>A damsel with a dulcimer<BR>In a vision once I saw:<BR>It was an Abyssinian maid,<BR>And on her dulcimer she played,<BR>Singing of Mount Abora.<BR>Could I revive within me<BR>Her symphony and song,<BR>To such a deep delight 'twould win me<BR>That with music loud and long<BR>I would build that dome in air,<BR>That sunny dome! those caves of ice!<BR>And all who heard should see them there,<BR>And all should cry, Beware! Beware!<BR>His flashing eyes, his floating hair!<BR>Weave a circle round him thrice,<BR>And close your eyes with holy dread,<BR>For he on honey-dew hath fed<BR>And drunk the milk of Paradise. </FONT></DIV>
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< align=left><FONT face=Arial size=3><STRONG>忽必列汗</STRONG></FONT>
< align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2>萨缪尔·柯勒律治</FONT>
< align=left><FONT face=Arial color=#494949 size=2>忽必列汗在上都曾经<BR>下令造一座堂皇的安乐殿堂:<BR>这地方有圣河亚佛流奔,<BR>穿过深不可测的洞门,<BR>直流入不见阳光的海洋。<BR>有方圆五英里肥沃的土壤,<BR>四周给围上楼塔和城墙:<BR>那里有花园,蜿蜒的溪河在其间闪耀,<BR>园里树枝上鲜花盛开,一片芬芳;<BR>这里有森林,跟山峦同样古老,<BR>围住了洒满阳光的一块块青草草场。<BR> <BR>但是,啊!那深沉而奇异的巨壑<BR>沿青山斜裂,横过伞盖的柏树!<BR>野蛮的地方,既神圣而又着了魔--<BR>好象有女人在衰落的月色里出没,<BR>为她的魔鬼情郎而凄声嚎哭!<BR>巨壑下,不绝的喧嚣在沸腾汹涌,<BR>似乎这土地正喘息在快速而猛烈的悸动中,<BR>从这巨壑里,不断迸出股猛烈的地泉;<BR>在它那断时续的涌迸之间,<BR>巨大的石块飞跃着象反跳的冰雹,<BR>或者象打稻人连枷下一撮撮新稻;<BR>从这些舞蹈的岩石中,时时刻刻<BR>迸发出那条神圣的溪河。<BR>迷乱地移动着,蜿蜒了五英里地方,<BR>那神圣的溪河流过了峡谷和森林,<BR>于是到达了深不可测的洞门,<BR>在喧嚣中沉入了没有生命的海洋;<BR>从那喧嚣中忽必列远远听到<BR>祖先的喊声预言着战争的凶兆!<BR><BR>安乐的宫殿有倒影<BR>宛在水波的中央漂动;<BR>这儿能听见和谐的音韵<BR>来自那地泉和那岩洞。<BR>这是个奇迹呀,算得是稀有的技巧,<BR>阳光灿烂的安乐宫,连同那雪窟冰窖!<BR><BR>有一回我在幻象中见到<BR>一个手拿德西马琴的姑娘:<BR>那是个阿比西尼亚少女,<BR>在她的琴上她奏出乐曲,<BR>歌唱着阿伯若山。<BR>如果我心中能再度产生<BR>她的音乐和歌唱,<BR>我将被引入如此深切的欢欣,<BR>以至于我要用音乐高朗而又长久<BR>在空中建造那安乐宫廷,<BR>那阳光照临的宫廷,那雪窟冰窖!<BR>谁都能见到这宫殿,只要听见了乐音。<BR>他们全都会喊叫:当心!当心!<BR>他飘动的头发,他闪光的眼睛!<BR>织一个圆圈,把他三道围住,<BR>闭下你两眼,带着神圣的恐惧,<BR>因为他一直吃着蜜样甘露,<BR>一直饮着天堂的琼浆仙乳。<BR>(屠岸 翻译)</FONT>
<P align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2>读完诗歌后,请大家再来看看Xanadu的影响。</FONT>
<P align=justify><FONT face=Arial size=2> Xanadu是一个拥有很富文学意涵的字:马可波罗(Marco Polo)在他的自传里提到Shan-Du,属于呼必烈汗的美丽宫殿。1617,Samuel Purchas在他的书中描述,Xanadu是呼必烈大汗庄严的宫殿,有十六英里宽,旗帜飘扬,野兽追逐,豪华的宫殿远远相对。<STRONG>1816年,柯立芝发表的这首新诗《呼必烈汗》,从此奠定"Xanadu"在西方文学上的象征意义。</STRONG> </FONT>
<P align=justify><FONT face=Arial size=2> 1927年,约翰·利文斯通·洛斯(John Livingston Lowes)出版《仙那度之路》“The Road to Xanadu: A Study in the Ways of the Imagination”,是一本博学又有侦探风味,颇有超文字概念的书。戴维·洛克菲勒在《三位令人难忘的教授》写道: “同年,我又学了约翰·利文斯通·洛斯教授的课:柯立芝(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)和华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)的诗歌。这门课中最激动人心的部分是柯立芝的两首伟大的诗作《古舟子咏》(The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)和《忽必烈汗》(Kubla Khan)。……”</FONT>
<P align=justify><FONT face=Arial size=2> 1965年,泰德·尼尔森(Ted Nelson)将他发起的超文字构想,依柯立芝的诗命名为「仙那度计画」(Project Xanadu),因为他认为仙那度是「一个记忆永远不会被遗忘的神奇地方」。奥森·威尔斯(Orson Welles)著名的电影《大国民》(Citizen Kane)也将主角的豪宅命名为 Xanadu。 </FONT>
<P align=justify><FONT face=Arial size=2> 1980年,好莱坞发行一部电影名为《Xanadu》。之后,歌手演唱以Xanadu为名的歌曲,小说家以Xanadu的故事为灵感的来源……</FONT>
<P align=justify><FONT face=Arial size=2> 随着发明WWW的提姆‧伯纳斯李在他风靡全球的新书「一千零一网」提到泰德‧尼尔森跟仙那度计画,可预知的是,Xanadu将成为网络乌托邦理想的代名词,继续在网络上流传。 </FONT>
<P align=justify><FONT face=Arial size=2> Xanadu葡萄美酒,1968年,爱尔兰籍的约翰· 拉根博士(Dr. John Lagan)来到位于澳洲西岸的玛格利特河地区栽种葡萄,并创建了一个酒庄Xanadu,现在更成为这地区少数的老酒庄之一。Xanadu酒厂名称的来源,是约翰·拉根博士读到柯立芝的新诗「呼必烈汗」(Kubla Khun)---认为诗中的意境与心中的想法相符,故以Xanadu为酒命名。目前在Xanadu酒庄生产三种系列,(分别为Secession, Xanadu及Lagan Estate Range),共11款不同变化的</FONT></DIV></DIV> |
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