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[分享]考研基础语法知识复习——虚拟语气（二）

发布者: Grace | 发布时间: 2006-5-8 19:22| 查看数: 11737| 评论数: 8|

虚拟语气句型 8 （虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用）
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align=justify>　　虚拟语气用于would rather 所跟的从句中，表示 “宁愿” “但愿”。从句动词用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。
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主语+ would rather </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="74%" bgColor=#ffffff>
(that) 虚拟语气从句 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="26%">
I’d rather </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="74%">
you posted the letter right away. 我宁愿你马上就把这封信寄了。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="26%">
I would rather </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="74%">
that you hadn't told him．但愿你没有跟他讲过。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="26%">
I would rather </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="74%">
that you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="26%">
I’d rather </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="74%">
that I were young again. 我要是返老还童就好了。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="26%">
I’d rather </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="74%">
we had dinner now. 我真希望我们现在吃饭。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="26%">
I’d rather </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="74%">
you told me the truth.我宁愿你说实话。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="26%">
I’d rather </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="74%">
you had been present. 我宁愿你当时在场。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="26%">
I’d rather </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="74%">
you didn't invite too many people.我宁愿你不要邀请太多的人。 </TD></TR></TABLE>

　　（参见would rather 句型）

rather, 基础, 考研, 语气, 语法

最新评论

Grace 发表于 2006-5-8 19:23:19

虚拟语气句型 9 （虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用）
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align=justify>
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align=justify>　　在表示要求、建议、命令等动词后的宾语从句中可以使用虚拟语气，其形式是“should +do”或省去should直接用动词原形(美国英语用法.）。这类should+动词原形型的虚拟语气，一般用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语和同位语从句中。它的使用主要取决于某些特定的表示要求、建议、命令的动词，名词和形容词。 这种类型的虚拟语气谓语由should+动词原形构成，无论什么人称都不能用 would，should在口语中可以略去。
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主语+ 动词 </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="62%" bgColor=#ffffff>
（that）主语+（should ）+动词原形 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="38%">
He insisted </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="62%">
(that) John (should) do the job. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="38%">
We suggested </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="62%">
(that) the meeting (should) not be postponed. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="38%">
The union demanded </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="62%">
(that) the wages (should) be raised by 20%. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="38%">
The committee recommends </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="62%">
that the matter be discussed at the next meeting. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="38%">
The contract stipulates </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="62%">
(that) the best materials be used. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="38%">
The chairman proposed </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="62%">
(that) the question (should) be discussed at once. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="38%">
We desired </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="62%">
(that) we (should) book the tickets in advance. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<OL>　　1.他坚持要约翰来做这个工作。
　　 2.我们建议会议不要推迟。
　　3.工会要求增加工资20%。
　　4.委员会提议在下一次会议上再讨论这件事。
　　5.合同规定使用最好的材料。
　　6.主席提出要马上讨论这个问题。
　　7.我们期望能提前预订票。
</OL>
例句：
　　One can suggest that students of English should spend two or three years in an English speaking country. 
<DIR>
我们建议学英语的学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。</DIR>
　　He suggested that they (should) set up a special committee to look into the problem.
<DIR>
他建议他们应成立一个专门的委员会来调查这个问题。 </DIR>
　　The commander ordered that our company (should) start the attack before dawn.
<DIR>
司令官命令我们连在拂晓前开始进攻。</DIR>
　　I demanded that he (should) tell me nothing but the truth.
　　我要求他不要废话，只讲实情。
　　The dean requested that the visiting scholar (should) give lectures.
　　系主任要求访问学者应授课。
　　He determined that she go at once. 他决定要她马上走。
　　I prefer that you not eat the meat. 我宁愿你不吃这肉。
　　They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱个歌。
　　She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 
　　她坚持要提前预定座位。
　　The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed．
　　医生坚持病人做X光检查。
　　I suggested that we should set off earlier．我坚持我们应该早点出发。
　　The chairman requested that the members study the problem more carefully.
　　主席要求委员们应更认真地研究这个问题。 　　　　 .
<DIR></DIR>
　　Mother insisted that we (should) be back before 6 in the evening.
<DIR>
妈妈坚持我们应该在晚上六点前回来。</DIR>
　　The doctor advised that Mike (should) stay in hospital until he was fully recovered.
<DIR>
医生建议迈克住院治疗直到完全康复。</DIR>
句型说明：
<OL>

<LI>常用于这种句型的动词有：

advise劝告 ask要求 command命令 decide决定
demand要求 desire 希望 determine 决心 insist坚持 
intend 打算 move提议 order下令 prefer宁愿 
promise 允诺 propose提议 recommend 推荐 request（请求）require要求 suggest建议 urge主张 
有时，上述动词＋宾语从句不是表示主张、建议或要求等，而是表示其它的意义，这时则仍用陈述语气。如当insist表示对已发生过的事物的看法，或当suggest为“说明了”，“暗示”等含义时，从句用直陈语气而不用虚拟语气。
He insisted that I was wrong. 他坚持认为我是错的。
The expression on her face suggests that she knows the secret. 
她脸上的表情预示着她知道这个秘密。
<LI>表示建议、要求、命令、假设等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语用“should do”，should可省略。
</LI></OL>　　They suggested (that) Tom go to see the doctor. 他们建议汤姆去看医生。
　　They suggested (that) Tom not go abroad. 他们建议汤姆不要出国。
　　They suggested that Tom be dismissed. 他们建议开除汤姆。
　　3. 在expect,believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句经常用“should＋动词原形或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。
　　I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 
　　我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。
　　I never expected that the problem should be so complicated. 我从没想到问题会这样复杂。
　　I just couldn’t believe that he should be so ignorant. 我简直不相信他会这样无知。

Grace 发表于 2006-5-8 19:23:55

虚拟语气句型 10 （虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的运用）
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align=justify>　　英语中专门有一类名词，要求其后的表语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，即用动词原形，或should + 动词原形。这些名词大多是前面讲的那些表示建议、命令、要求等动词的同源名词。
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align=justify>虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的运用 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top height=555>

His requirement was that the system work. 
他的要求是该系统要发挥作用。
Henry Ford’s idea was that an assembly line should be introduced in producing automobiles.
亨利.福特的想法是引入装配线来生产汽车。
His proposal is that the dam be built at the foot of the mountain. 
他建议在山脚下建筑大坝。
Our decision is that the school remain closed. 
我们的决定是学校继续关闭。
The orders are that we stay here. 命令要求我们留在这里。
Their demand is that their wages be increased by 20%. 他们的要求是工资增长20%。
I’ll follow the doctor’s advice that I (should) have a good rest for a few days. 
我听医生的建议好好休息几天。
The professor gave orders that the test (should) be finished before 5:30.
教授指示考试须在五点半之前结束。
The general’s order that the troops attack the hill surprised us very much.
将军的命令要军队攻打山岗，使我们大吃一惊。
They made the suggestion that he leave at once. 
他们提出建议，要他立刻离开。
Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．
我们建议你第一个走。
My advice is that we（should）send for Doctor Li．
我建议我们应该派人去叫李医生。
The suggestion that he be invited was rejected. 
邀请他的建议被拒绝了。</TD></TR></TABLE>

句型说明：
<OL>

<LI>一些表示建议、命令、要求、想法等的名词，如 agreement, decision, determination, suggestion，proposal，idea，plan，order，等后的表语从句、同位语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。常用的这类名词有：

advice (建议), command (命令), demand (要求), desire (要求), idea (意见), motion (提议), order (命令), plan (计划), proposal (提议), preference (偏爱), insistence (主张), suggestion (建议), recommendation (劝告), request (要求), requirement (要求) resolution(决定，决议)等。
The doctor recommended that I should give up smoking. 医生劝我戒烟。
The doctor's recommendation is that I should give up smoking.医生的劝告是我应该戒烟。
The judge assented to the suggestion that the prisoner be sentenced to death. 
法官赞同这个建议，将犯人判死刑。
His advice is that your father should do more exercises in the morning．
他建议你父亲在早晨应该多锻炼。
I did not receive the order that you should leave here at once．
我没有收到要你立刻离开这里的命令。

<LI>在系动词后跟的as if或as though 引出的表语从句，有时当从句中所表达的内容属于假设情况时，要用虚拟语气。
</LI></OL>
　　It looks as if it were going to rain. 天看起来似乎要下雨。
　　She looks as if she were angry. 看她的表情，好像生气了似的。

Grace 发表于 2006-5-8 19:24:29

虚拟语气句型 11 （虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用）
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align=justify>It is+形容词/过去分词/名词 </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="63%" bgColor=#ffffff>
<

align=justify>that 主语 + （should） 动词原形… </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="37%">
It is necessary </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="63%">
that you (should) be present at the discussion. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="37%">
It is (was) important </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="63%">
that the patient (should) be taken special care of. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="37%">
It is imperative </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="63%">
that you (should) arrive there in time. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="37%">
It was ordered </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="63%">
that the medicines (should) be sent here by plane. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="37%">
It was suggested </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="63%">
that everyone （should） have a map. </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="37%">
It is his desire </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="63%">
that I stay here. </TD></TR></TABLE>
<OL>
１。你必须出席讨论会。

２。给这位病人以特殊的照顾很重要。

３。你必须准时到达那里。

４。根据命令药品应空运到这里。

５。建议人手一张地图。

６。我留在这里是他的愿望。
</OL>

　　句型说明：虚拟语气在主语从句中表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等。带虚拟语气的主语从句主要有以下三种形式。

<OL>

<LI>It is +形容词+ that 主语+（should）+动词原形 如：
</LI></OL>
　　It is natural that you should say apology to him．你自然应该向他道声歉。
　　It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．必须马上把他派到那里去。
　　It is best that tourists have a pleasant place to relax.
　　最好给观光者提供一个休息的好地方。
　　It is crucial that the plan be worked out at once. 立即拟订计划是至关重要的。
　　It is urgent that we pay the bill immediately. 紧迫的是我们必须立即交费。
　　It is strange that he should have gone without telling us. 
　　真奇怪，他竟然不辞而别。
这类形容词主要的有：
　 necessary （必须） essential (必要的)， vital (极重要的，不可缺少的)， 　 important (重要的) imperative(必须的)，urgent(紧要的)，advisable(应该的)， 　 proper(适当的)，obligatory (必须的)，desirable(今人满意的，值得的)， 　 appropriate(合适的)，fitting (合适的), strange (奇怪)， natural (自然的)， 　 preferable (更好的), 

2. It is +分词+ that 主语+（should）+动词原形 如

　　It is surprising that she should look so miserable. 
　　她竟会如此伤心，令人感到吃惊。
　　It is requested that Professor Li（should）give us a speech．
　　根据要求李教授要给我们做报告。
　　It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
　　要求我们今晚上把一切都准备好。
　　It is proposed that the meeting (should) be held next Monday. 
　　有人建议会议下周一举行。

　　注：“It is +过去分词＋that主语从句”实际上是动词＋宾语从句的被动语态形式。试比较
　　They required that the work should be finished at once. 他们要求马上完成工作。
　　It was required that the work should be finished at once. 
　　根据要求工作须马上完成。

3. It is +名词 + that 主语+（should）+动词原形 如
　　It is a pity that you should be careless．真遗憾，你竟会粗心大意。
　　It was my proposal that new legislation (should) be drafted. 
　　我建议起草新的法规。
　　It is the doctor’s order that the patient should stay in bed. 
　　医生嘱咐病人卧床休息。
　　It is a pity that he should fail to obtain the scholarship. 
　　真遗憾，他竟没有得到奖学金。
　　It is a wonder that he shouldn’t be convinced of his mistakes. 
　　说也怪，他竟然认识不到自己的错误。
　　It is a shame that they should abandon the project halfway. 
　　真遗憾，他竟然把项目在中途放弃了。
　　It is simply a miracle that rice should grow in such a place.
　　在这样的地方竟会长出水稻，简直是个奇迹。

Grace 发表于 2006-5-8 19:28:43

虚拟语气句型 12 （虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用）
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align=justify>　　虚拟语气用于as if (though)引起的方式状语从句中，表示“好像是这样，实际上并非如此”。这时从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用过去式(be用were)，表示所说的与现在的事实相反；用过去完成式则表示所说的与过去的事实相反。
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主语+ 谓语 </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="76%" bgColor=#ffffff>
as if/as though 虚拟语气从句 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="24%">
They talked </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="76%">
as if they had been friends for years．他们谈起话来似乎是多年的朋友。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="24%" height=50>
He speaks </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="76%" height=50>
as if he had really been there. 他讲起话来好像真的到过那儿一样。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="24%">
They treat him </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="76%">
as if he were one of their family. 他们对待他就像他是他们的家人一样。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="24%">
He acts </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="76%">
as if he knew you. 看他的样子似乎认识你似的。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="24%">
He walks </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="76%">
as if he were drunk. 他走路的样子好像喝醉了似的。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="24%">
I remember the event </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="76%">
as if it happened yesterday.我记得这件事，就好像它是昨天发生似的。 </TD></TR></TABLE>

句型说明：
　　1.as if或 as though 引导的从句根据具体情况，既可以用虚拟语气又可以用陈述语气。从句所表达的内容与实际情况相反或者是一种假设时，通常使用虚拟语气；从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是真实时，就要使用陈述语气。例如：

　　It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。（天有可能要下雨。）
　　He speaks English as if he were an American. 
　　他说起英语来好像是一个美国人。（他不是美国人。）
　　当可以明显地看出as if 从句所表达的内容是非真实的时候，这时使用陈述语气或虚拟语气是没有什么区别的。例如：
　　He talks as if he has a potato in his mouth. 
　　He talks as if he had a potato in his mouth. 他说起话来就好像嘴里含着一个土豆似的。
　　这两个句子都意味着“他嘴里并没有真的含着一个土豆。
　　2.从句中的虚拟语气采用何种形式取决于从句所明确表示或暗示出的时间，而与主句谓语动词的时态无关。如果从句的动作与主句同时发生，从句动词用过去时或过去进行式（be 一律用 were）。 如果从句的动作在主句动作之前发生，从句动词用过去完成式。例句：
<DIR>The wind is / was blowing so hard as if it were going to destroy the world.
风猛烈地吹着，仿佛要把世界毁灭掉。</DIR>

Grace 发表于 2006-5-8 19:29:25

虚拟语气句型 13 （虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的运用）
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align=justify>主语+谓语….. </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="70%" bgColor=#ffffff>
lest / for fear that / in case 主语+（should）+动词原形 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="30%">
I wrote everything down </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="70%">
lest I (should) forget it. 我把每件事都记下来惟恐忘记了。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="30%">
Take your umbrella along </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="70%">
in case it (should) rain. 带着雨伞，以防下雨。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="30%">
He ran away </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="70%">
lest he (should) be seen. 他跑开了，以免被人看见。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="30%">
He doesn’t dare to go out </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="70%">
in case he should be recognized. 他不敢出去，以免被人认出来。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="30%">
She put a blanket over the baby </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="70%">
for fear that he should catch cold.
她给小孩盖上毯子，以免小孩感冒了。 </TD></TR></TABLE>
　　例句：
　　We dare not play jokes on Mr. Wang lest he should become angry. 
　　我们不敢跟王先生开玩笑，恐怕他生气。
　　He hurried on, lest he should drop out in the forced match.
　　他加快步伐，生怕在急行军中掉队。
　　Every attention must be paid to him lest he (should) feel that he is inferior to my other guests. 
　　我对他特别关照，唯恐他感觉到比我的其他客人低人一等。
　　The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it should go wrong on the way.
　　司机仔细检查了发动机，以防在路上出毛病。
　　He left early in case he should miss the last train. 
　　他动身很早以防误了最后一班火车。
　　He handled the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.
　　他小心地搬动那仪器，生怕把它弄坏了。
　　He’s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. 
　　他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。
句型说明：
　　1. in case在表示否定的目的，作“以免”“以防”讲时，常用虚拟语气（should），但有时也可用陈述语气。
　　Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold. 
　　带些暖和的衣服，以防天气变冷。
　　Take an umbrella in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防天下雨。
　　The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 
　　这位外籍老师说得很慢，以免我们听不懂。
　　但当它表示条件“如果” “万一” 或表示原因或可能性时，则只用陈述语气。
　　I’ll be in the office all day, in case you telephone. 
　　由于你可能来电话，我今天一天将在办公室。
　　In case he comes, let me know. 如果他来的话告诉我一声。
　　2. 在so that in order that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语有时也用虚拟语气might/could+动词原形，否定式则多用should not + 动词原形。
　　She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother．
　　她在家里呆了好几天，以便能照顾她妈妈。
　　He took a taxi to the station so that he should not miss the train．
　　为了不误火车，他乘出租车到火车站。
　　The teacher spoke slowly in order that all the students might/could hear him clearly.
　　老师讲得很慢，为的是让每个学生都听清楚。
　　They are climbing higher so that they could see the whole city．
　　他们正在爬得更高一些，以便能看见整个城市。
　　He locked the door of his room in order that he shouldn't be troubled by someone．
　　他锁上房间门，以便不被别人打扰。

Grace 发表于 2006-5-8 19:30:22

虚拟语气句型 15 （虚拟语气在感叹句中的运用）
<

align=justify>　　If only引起的感叹句，也要求用虚拟语气。该结构中的动词形式与wish的宾语从句动词形式相同。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式（be 一律用were）；与将来事实相反，则用would/could+动词原形，与过去事实相反，则用had / could have +过去分词。
<

align=justify>
<

align=left>
<TABLE cellSpacing=1 cellPadding=7 width=492 align=center border=1>

<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="12%" bgColor=#ffffff>
If only </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="88%" bgColor=#ffffff>
主语 + 动词过去式 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="12%">
If only </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="88%">
he were still alive. 要是他还活着就好了。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="12%">
If only </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="88%">
I were five years younger! 要是我能年轻5岁就好了！ </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="12%">
If only </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="88%">
she had never been married. 要是她从没有结婚就好了。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="12%">
If only </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="88%">
he didn’t drive so fast! 要是他开车不那么快就好了。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="12%">
If only </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="88%">
she had asked someone’s advice. 当初她要是征求别人的意见就好了。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="12%">
If only </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="88%">
you hadn’t offended him. 要是你当初别冒犯他就好了。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="12%">
If only </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="88%">
you hadn't told him the news．要是你没有告诉他这个消息就好了。 </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="12%">
If only </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="88%">
he could come! 他要是能来多好啊！ </TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width="12%">
If only </TD>
<TD vAlign=top width="88%">
I could help you! 要是我能帮助你就好了。 </TD></TR></TABLE>


　　句型说明：If only 在句中也可以分开使用。例如：
　　If they had only come earlier! 如果他们早来一步该多好啊!
　　If I only knew! 要是我知道该多好。


　　附加说明： 虚拟语气的其它用法：
　　A.表示委婉，客气。在熟悉的人中间，以上各句常用陈述语气来表示。但在正式场合，如果用陈述语气，就会显得不够礼貌。
　　Could you tell me where the post office is? 您能告诉我邮局在什么地方吗？
　　I should be glad to hear your story. 我该很高兴地听到你的情况。
　　It might be a good idea to wait and see. 等等看可能是个好主意。
　　Would you mind my smoking here？ 我在这里吸烟您介意吗？
　　B. 表示惊奇、高兴、遗憾等感情色彩。
　　Why should you have acted that way? 为什么你竟然那样做事？
　　You should (ought to) have handed in your paper earlier.　　你早应该交论文了。

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-5-8 19:31:26编辑过]

冈仁波齐 发表于 2006-5-10 17:29:10