演讲题目：The big idea funding forest conservation

演讲简介：

棕榈油几乎存在于你使用的每一种商品中——食品、洗发水、化妆品等等。但采集这种重要原料的行为已经导致全球数百万公顷森林遭到破坏。可持续发展领域的领军人物安迪卡·普特拉迪塔玛（Andika Putraditama）分享了自然资源保护主义者与全球品牌之间一次开创性的合作是如何彻底扭转这一危机的，该合作开创了一种森林保护的新模式。来了解一下保护现存森林以及恢复已遭破坏森林的愿景吧。

中英文字幕

In places like Indonesia,

在印度尼西亚等地，

the biggest source of carbon emissions are actually coming from the loss of our forest, and the burning of the peatland that is this really carbon-rich ecosystem that is made up of dead organic matter accumulated over thousands of years.

碳排放的最大来源实际上来自森林的丧失和泥炭地的燃烧，泥炭地是一个真正富含碳的生态系统，由数千年来积累的死亡有机物组成。

Globally, the agriculture, the forest and the land use sectors actually contribute to around a fifth of the global emissions, which is significant, right?

在全球范围内，农业、森林和土地利用部门实际上贡献了全球排放量的五分之一，这很重要，对吧？

So there's no viable pathway for us to really mitigate climate change without really stopping the loss of our forests and without actually starting to protect this massive natural carbon sink that is our peatland, our mangroves.

因此，如果不真正阻止森林的丧失，也不真正开始保护我们的泥炭地、红树林，我们就没有可行的途径来真正缓解气候变化。

But what's causing the loss of this critical ecosystem?

但是什么导致了这个关键生态系统的丧失呢？

Well, it's actually the productions of commodities that we use every day.

嗯，它实际上是我们每天使用的商品的生产。

Things like timber or palm oil that is so ubiquitous that there's a good chance when you walk to your local supermarket stores,

木材或棕榈油等东西无处不在，当你步行到当地的超市商店时，很有可能，

almost all products in the shelves have something to do with palm oil one way or another.

货架上几乎所有产品都以某种方式与棕榈油有关。

But it also tells you that this product, this commodity, is so prevalent, it's so embedded in our daily life, in our daily economy,

但它也告诉你，这种产品，这种商品，是如此普遍，它如此嵌入我们的日常生活，在我们的日常经济中，

that completely taking out the production and the consumption of it might not be realistic at all.

完全取消它的生产和消费可能根本不现实。

And so companies have recognized this dilemma, and they've introduced policies such as the no-deforestation policy.

因此，公司已经认识到了这一困境，并推出了禁止砍伐森林政策等政策。

And what it does is that it dictates them to really make sure that the palm oil that they're buying is not contributing to forest loss.

它所做的是，它要求他们真正确保他们购买的棕榈油不会导致森林损失。

Which is a good start.

这是个好的开始。

But that's only one side of the coin.

但这只是事情的一面。

The other side of the coin is that if you really want to have a nature-positive outcome out of this,

事情的另一面是，如果你真的想从中产生对自然有利的结果，

is that you have to start proactively protecting the existing forest and restoring those we have lost.

你必须开始积极保护现有的森林并恢复我们失去的森林。

And here's the bad news.

这是坏消息。

Forest conservation financing is massively underfunded.

森林保护融资资金严重不足。

The mitigation actions under the agriculture,

农业、林业和土地利用领域的减缓行动资金严重不足，

forest and land use is severely underfunded that it only receives around less than four percent of the total global climate financing.

森林和土地利用资金严重不足，仅获得不到全球气候融资总额的4%左右。

And this is the problem that we're trying to solve with a mechanism called the Rimba Collective.

这就是我们试图用一种叫做Rimba Collective的机制来解决的问题。

So I have a political science background as well as forest science background, and I've spent a majority of my career working with the governments,

所以我有政治学背景和森林科学背景，而且我职业生涯的大部分时间都在与政府合作，

companies in Southeast Asia and civil society to reduce the impact of commodity supply chain.

东南亚公司和民间社会减少商品供应链的影响。

And what Rimba Collective mechanism allows us to do is it lets the company to contribute funds to protect and restore the natural ecosystem proportionate to their raw material impact.

Rimba Collective机制允许我们做的是让公司根据原材料影响比例贡献资金来保护和恢复自然生态系统。

And in this case, the more they use palm oil, the more they have to contribute to this Rimba Collective fund.

在这种情况下，他们使用棕榈油越多，他们就必须向Rimba Collective基金捐款越多。

And it allows us to have this scalable, large-scale, long-term financing.

它使我们能够获得这种可扩展的、大规模的、长期的融资。

But it also introduces this sense of shared responsibility and proportionate responsibility across the supply chain.

但它也引入了整个供应链的共同责任和相称责任感。

And our aim is to be able to deliver the conservations of around half a million hectares of forest in Southeast Asia over the next 25 years,

我们的目标是能够在未来25年内保护东南亚约50万公顷的森林，

while also providing local livelihood for the communities that depend on it,

同时还为依赖它的社区提供当地生计，

and preserving the habitats of critically endangered species in the forest area.

保护林区极度濒危物种的栖息地。

And Rimba Collective is not just a concept.

Rimba Collective不仅仅是一个概念。

So we've been doing this for three years now, and we're now actively financing around 220,000 hectares of forest in Southeast Asia.

因此，我们已经这样做了三年，我们现在正在积极资助东南亚约22万公顷的森林。

But it is not without its challenge.

但它并非没有挑战。

Finding a good investible forest conservation project is challenging.

找到一个好的可投资森林保护项目具有挑战性。

The first thing that you need to do is to identify forests that already have land management rights at least over the next 20 years,

你需要做的第一件事是确定至少在未来20年内已经拥有土地管理权的森林，

because we want to ensure that any kind of interventions,

因为我们希望确保任何形式的干预措施，

any kind of investments that we made to protect the forests can be sustained over the long term.

我们为保护森林而进行的任何投资都可以长期持续。

Second challenge is that some of these forests are located in a really remote location.

第二个挑战是其中一些森林位于非常偏远的地方。

I happened to visit one of our projects that is considered as accessible in the western coast of Sumatra,

我碰巧参观了我们位于苏门答腊岛西海岸的一个项目，该项目被认为是可以进入的，

and it took me a two-hour flight to get to the province from the capital of Jakarta, and then another 12 hours car ride just to arrive to the village,

我花了两个小时的飞机从首都雅加达到达该省，然后又乘了12个小时的车才到达村庄，

and then another full day's hike just to reach the border of the projects.

然后再徒步一整天到达项目的边界。

Other projects might require us to get on a boat, a full day's boat ride, just to arrive to the village.

其他项目可能需要我们乘船，乘坐一整天的船才能到达村庄。

Imagine finding good local organizations or local company who can deliver robust conservation, who knows the landscape,

想象一下，找到好的当地组织或当地公司谁可以提供强大的保护，谁知道景观，

but also able to navigate a complex international certification system.

而且还能够驾驭复杂的国际认证体系。

Not many organizations can do that.

没有多少组织可以做到这一点。

And so we have to build an ecosystem of capable organizations that can deliver these conservations.

因此，我们必须建立一个由有能力的组织组成的生态系统来实现这些保护。

Second challenge is on the demand side.

第二个挑战是需求方面。

So when we're talking to companies to invest in funds like Rimba Collective,

所以当我们和公司谈投资像Rimba Collective这样的基金时，

some of them are still thinking that maybe protections and the restorations of nature [are] not our responsibility.

他们中的一些人仍然认为，也许保护和恢复自然不是我们的责任。

Or maybe they think that conservation is cheap.

或者也许他们认为保护很便宜。

Putting five dollars per hectare on the table is enough to call it conservation.

每公顷投入五美元就足以称之为保护。

Some of them might think that -- "I'm in it for the next three years and then I'm out." All of those are wildly, wildly unrealistic.

他们中的一些人可能会想--“我在接下来的三年里都在其中，然后我就退出了。“所有这些都非常非常不切实际。

Some of these projects, they have to buy motorbikes.

其中一些项目，他们必须购买摩托车。

They have to buy cars to patrol the area.

他们不得不买汽车来巡逻这个地区。

Some even have to build watchtowers in the middle of nowhere.

有些人甚至不得不在荒无人烟的地方建造瞭望塔。

Multiple watchtowers.

多个瞭望塔。

And some of our projects, they need to build dams to start regulating the water table when they're restoring the peatland ecosystem.

我们的一些项目在恢复泥炭地生态系统时需要建造水坝来开始调节地下水位。

And of course, all of that requires significant amount of investment.

当然，所有这些都需要大量投资。

And so what's the ideal way forward for us?

那么对我们来说理想的前进道路是什么？

Well, first thing is that we need to change the perception that the protections and the restorations of our natural ecosystem should just be a charity project.

嗯，首先是我们需要改变这样的看法，即保护和美化我们的自然生态系统应该只是一个慈善项目。

It shouldn't be.

不应该这样想。

The products that you use every day, maybe the shampoo that you used this morning, might not reflect the true environmental cost behind them.

您每天使用的产品，也许是您今天早上使用的洗发水，可能并不能反映它们背后的真正环境成本。

The forests that were lost to grow the ingredients that go in it,

森林因种植其中的成分而消失，

or the carbon that was lost and will not be absorbed in the future because the trees are no longer there.

或者是由于树木不再存在而损失并且未来不会被吸收的碳。

And so by linking these metrics of procurement of raw commodities directly to the conservation financing,

因此，通过将这些原商品采购指标直接与保护融资联系起来，

we should be able to recapture that externality costs and redirect that to the conservation of our natural ecosystem.

我们应该能够重新夺回外部性成本，并将其重新引导到保护我们的自然生态系统上。

And our goal is big.

我们的目标很大。

Conserving and restoring 500,000 hectares of forest is ambitious.

保护和恢复50万公顷森林是雄心勃勃的。

But that's just a fraction of what we need to do right now.

但这只是我们现在需要做的事情的一小部分。

Just to put things into perspective, the World Resources Institute,

为了正确地看待事情，世界资源研究所，

they estimated that the amount of forest loss that can be linked to palm oil productions globally is already at around six million hectares of forest loss.

他们估计，全球与棕榈油生产有关的森林损失数量已经达到约600万公顷。

Cattle industry, that's at a staggering 45 million hectares.

养牛业占地4500万公顷。

So again, 500,000 hectares sounds a lot.

所以，50万公顷听起来很大。

And it is a lot, it is ambitious given the amount of resources that we need to mobilize.

考虑到我们需要调动的资源数量，这是一个雄心勃勃的计划。