Start of Winter, or Lidong in Chinese, is the 19th of China's 24 solar terms and the first of winter.

立冬，中国传统二十四节气中的第19个节气，也是冬季的第一个节气。

As the name implies, Start of Winter marks the beginning of winter in China, although it is not the beginning of meteorology.

顾名思义，立冬宣告中国冬季的开始，尽管它不一定是气象意义上的开端。

中国谚语将立冬后的物候变化描述为“三候”—— 一候，水始冰；二候，地始冻；三候，雉入大水为蜃。

Worshiping Ancestors



祭祀

In ancient China, the Start of Winter was a highly significant occasion. Before the solar term arrived, the emperor observed a three-day fast. On the day itself, he led a solemn procession of officials, all dressed in black robes and accessories, accompanied by black horses and banners, to the outskirts of the capital. There, they held a grand ceremony to welcome the arrival of the Winter God.

在中国古代，立冬是一个重要的节日。在立冬到来之前，皇帝会斋戒三天。到了立冬这天，皇帝带领一队身着黑色衣冠、骑着黑色骏马、擎着黑色旗帜的官员，前往国都远郊，举行盛大的仪式迎接冬神的到来。



The emperor would also pay tribute to heroes who sacrificed their lives for the country, and commemorate their contributions by awarding honors and compensation upon their families. He would pray to the gods to protect their souls and inspire the people to defend their nation with firm courage.

lunar year 太阴年

proverbn 谚语

phenological/ˌfiːnəˈlɒdʒᵻkl/ adj 物候学的

phenomena/fᵻˈnɒmᵻnən/ n 现象（phenomenon 的复数）

imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ v 说明；表明

harden /ˈhɑːrdn/ v (使)变硬，硬化

observe /əbˈzɜːrv/ v 遵守（规则等）

solemn /ˈsɑːləm/ adj 庄严的

procession /prəˈseʃn/ n 队列，行列

outskirts /ˈaʊtskɜːrts/ n 市郊

commemorate /kəˈmeməreɪt/ v 纪念

resilience /rɪˈzɪliəns/ n 适应力

vitality /vaɪˈtæləti/ n 生命力；活力

inward /ˈɪnwərd/ adv 向内

symbolize /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/ v 象征

pay tribute to 赞扬，称赞

usher in 开始

take center stage 成为关注的焦点

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