演讲题目：Would you eat a ghost pepper for a prize?

演讲简介：

欢迎来到《冒险游戏》，在这个游戏中，我们将见证人们为了赢得奖品会做出怎样的疯狂举动！今天的参赛者分别是 21 岁的、16 岁的以及 12 岁的。他们将参加一系列的三项挑战：品尝鬼椒饼干、在蜂蜜中游泳以及在毒葛旁跨越平衡木。谁会获胜呢？丹·夸特勒将探讨不同年龄段的人是如何做出决策的。



中英文字幕

Welcome to Risky Business, the game where we find out how far you'll go to win a mystery prize!

欢迎来到《冒险游戏》，在这个游戏中，我们将见证人们为了赢得奖品会做出怎样的疯狂举动！

I'm your host, Will Baywontbay, and today's contestants are 21-year-old Imani, 16-year-old Johann, and 12-year-old Rachel.

我是主持人威尔·贝温特贝，今天的参赛者是21岁的伊玛尼、16岁的约翰和12岁的雷切尔。

Our first challenge is simple: will you eat the cookie on your podium?

我们的第一个挑战很简单：你会吃你讲台上的饼干吗？

Two of you have sugar cookies, but one was made with painfully spicy ghost peppers.

你们中的两个人有糖饼干，一个是用辛辣的鬼辣椒做的。

As a reminder, our players aren't influenced by seeking audience approval since Risky Business never gets televised!

需要提醒的是，我们的选手们并不会因为想要获得观众的认可而受到影响，因为《冒险游戏》从未在电视上播出！

And that's risky.

这是有风险的。

Now let's see what Predicto-Bot 9000 thinks our contestants will do.

现在让我们看看Predicto-Bot 9000认为我们的参赛者会做什么。

Like most daily choices, this challenge involves weighing risks against rewards.

与大多数日常选择一样，这一挑战涉及权衡风险与回报。

But since our grand prize is a mystery, the contestants don't know half of this equation.

但由于我们的大奖是一个谜，参赛者并不知道这个等式的一半。

People are usually opposed to taking risks for uncertain rewards.

人们通常反对为了不确定的回报而冒险。

However, Rachel may have an advantage.

然而，雷切尔可能有优势。

People aged 12 to 18 face a lot of unfamiliar circumstances, and one of the primary ways they learn to navigate new environments is by taking risks.

12至18岁的人面临着很多不熟悉的环境，他们学习应对新环境的主要方法之一就是冒险。

This means Johann and Rachel are already primed to risk it all.

这意味着约翰和雷切尔已经准备好冒这一切的风险。

But research shows that younger adolescents are less likely to shy away from uncertain rewards.

但研究表明，年幼的青少年不太可能回避不确定的奖励。

This could be because the brain regions associated with decision making are still developing.

这可能是因为与决策相关的大脑区域仍在发育中。

Or perhaps they've simply experienced less failure overall, making them less afraid of negative outcomes.

或者也许他们只是总体上经历的失败较少，这使得他们不那么害怕负面结果。

Whatever the answer, this doesn't mean young people take risks impulsively.

无论答案是什么，这并不意味着年轻人会冲动地冒险。

In fact, one decision making study found that while 8 to 12 year olds gambled on unknown options more than older participants,

事实上，一项决策研究发现，虽然8至12岁的青少年比年长的参与者更多地押注未知选项，

they still hesitated to do so.

他们仍然犹豫是否这样做。

Well, it looks like no one here hesitated to bite their cookie, and Johann's bit back!

好吧，看起来这里没有人犹豫要咬他们的饼干，约翰也咬回来了！

Hopefully our mystery prize will be a lifetime supply of milk.

希望我们的神秘奖品是终生供应的牛奶。

Speaking of prizes, you'll have a chance to win one in our next challenge!

说到奖品，您将有机会在我们的下一个挑战中赢得奖品！

This swimming pool is full of honey, and you'll have to swim through it to grab your $100 prize box!

这个游泳池充满了蜂蜜，你必须游泳通过它抓住你的100美元的奖金箱！

While you deliberate, let's see what the PB-9000 has to say.

在您思考的同时，让我们看看PB-9000有什么要说的。

People are generally attracted to new experiences, and it's highly unlikely that our contestants have ever gone swimming in honey.

人们通常会被新的体验所吸引，而且我们的参赛者极不可能在蜂蜜中游泳。

Some research even suggests new experiences can trigger brain activity similar to getting a reward, regardless of how pleasant that experience is.

一些研究甚至表明，新的经历可以触发类似于获得奖励的大脑活动，无论这种经历有多愉快。

That said, I think Imani has a few disadvantages.

话虽如此，我认为伊玛尼有一些缺点。

We already know adolescents frequently take risks to learn about the world.

我们已经知道青少年经常冒险去了解世界。

Well, that same drive makes them especially attracted to new experiences.

嗯，同样的动力使他们特别被新体验所吸引。

And at 16 years old, Johann is in peak reward sensitivity range, meaning he's likely to over value the prize.

16岁时，约翰正处于奖励敏感度的峰值范围，这意味着他可能会高估这个奖项。

Conversely, Imani's longer life experience means she's able to build a robust internal model to simulate her choices' potential outcomes.

相反，伊玛尼有更多的生活经验，意味着她能够建立一个强大的内部模型来模拟她的选择的潜在结果。

Generally, this helps adults make complex decisions with long-term consequences.

一般来说，这有助于成年人做出具有长期影响的复杂决定。

But more experience can also lead to more worries.

但更多的经验也会带来更多的担忧。

And some studies have found people struggling with anxiety tend to give extra weight to potential negative outcomes, even if they're unlikely.

一些研究发现，与焦虑作斗争的人往往会额外重视潜在的负面结果，即使它们不太可能发生。

Thanks, PB.

谢谢，PB。

As predicted, while Johann and Rachel took the plunge, this situation was too sticky for our oldest competitor.

正如预期的那样，虽然约翰和雷切尔冒险了，但这种情况对于我们最年长的竞争对手来说太棘手了。

That takes us to our final challenge!

这将我们带到了最后的挑战！

To see the big prize, our contestants will have to cross this balance beam without falling into the pit of poison ivy.

为了看到大奖，我们的参赛者必须穿过这根平衡木，而不是掉进毒藤坑里。

And to make things even spicier, we've brought their schoolmates to watch!

为了让事情变得更辣，我们带了他们的同学来看！

What do you think will happen, PB?

PB，你认为会发生什么？

Younger people often discount the long-term consequences of their choices, so Rachel might not be as worried about the poison ivy,

年轻人经常低估他们选择的长期后果，所以雷切尔可能不会那么担心毒藤，

But Johann is driven by an even stronger influence.

但约翰是由一个更强大的影响力所驱动。

During adolescence, our desire for group acceptance is at an all-time high,

在青春期，我们对群体接受的渴望达到了前所未有的高度，

and this can lead people to take surprising risks to secure the respect of their peers.

这可能会导致人们冒着令人惊讶的风险来赢得同龄人的尊重。

This is especially true from ages 14 to 16,

14岁至16岁的人尤其如此，

when the brain regions responsible for emotional control are more developed than those handling cognitive control.

这个时候负责情绪控制的大脑区域比负责认知控制的大脑区域更加发达。

What's more, this cognitive control is weaker when adolescents know their peers are watching.

更重要的是，当青少年知道他们的同龄人在观看时，这种认知控制会更弱。

So with his friends standing by, Johann is very likely to risk it all.

因此，在朋友们的支持下，约翰很可能会冒这一切的风险。

Well, I'm excited to see.

嗯，我很高兴看到这一点。

I'm being told there's a bear in the honey pool?!

有人告诉我蜂蜜池里有一只熊？！

Uh, we'll be right back!

稍后我们马上回来！