Fancy a game of ‘food connections’, Rob? I’ll name a place and you say the first food that comes to mind. Ready?
想玩“食物联系”游戏吗，罗伯？我会说出一个地方的名字，你说第一个想到的食物。准备？
Rob(罗伯)
Yeah, sure, let’s go!
是的，当然，我们走吧！
Neil(尼尔)
Italy.
意大利。
Rob(罗伯)
Erm…’pizza’ – or ‘lasagne’.
呃......“披萨” —— 或“千层面”。
Rob(罗伯)
New York?
纽约？
Neil(尼尔)
‘Hot dogs’, of course. Or maybe ‘bagels’. How about… Cornwall from the UK?
当然是“热狗”。或者也许是“百吉饼”。怎么样...来自英国的康沃尔郡？
Rob(罗伯)
If it’s Cornwall, it must be the famous ‘Cornish pasty’, right?
如果是康沃尔，那一定是著名的“康沃尔馅饼”，对吧？
Neil(尼尔)
That’s right! Cornwall, the region which forms the south-western tip of Britain, is as famous for its pasties as New York is for hot dogs. In this programme we’ll be finding out all about Cornish pasties. We’ll hear how it’s gone from humble beginnings to become a symbol of Cornish identity and spread around the world to Jamaica, Argentina and Brazil.
But what exactly is a pasty, Neil? Somewhere between a pie and a sandwich, right? A piece of pastry which is turned over and crimped along the side to make two corners…
… and filled with different ingredients - which brings me to my quiz question for today, Rob. What is the traditional filling in an authentic Cornish pasty? Is it: a) Chicken, avocado and brie; b) Beef, potato and turnip c) Pork, onion and chorizo.
OK, Rob. We’ll find out later if you were right. What’s for sure is that the Cornish pasty has had a long history as BBC Radio 4’s The Food Programme discovered. They spoke to Dr Polly Russell, a public life curator at the British Library. Here she is reading from one of the earliest mentions of pasties from the late 17th century:
好的，罗伯。如果你是对的，我们稍后会知道。可以肯定的是，正如 BBC Radio 4 的 The Food Program 所发现的那样，康沃尔馅饼有着悠久的历史。他们采访了大英图书馆的公共生活策展人波莉·拉塞尔博士。在这里，她正在阅读 17 世纪后期最早提到的馅饼之一：
Polly Russell, Public Life Curator, British Library(Polly Russell，大英图书馆公共生活策展人)
There’s a lovely bit here where he’s describing what a housewife in Hertfordshire does and he’s talking about her way to make pork pies and pork pasties: pies may be made and baked either raised in paste earthen pans or in pewter dishes or in the shape of a turnover, two-cornered pasties. So that’s a very early reference to a pasty in the shape, I think, that we know it but also being made specifically for labourers - to be feeding labourers on a farm at harvest time.
The earliest pasties were made in pewter dishes – a traditional cooking plate made of a silver-coloured metal called ‘pewter’.
最早的馅饼是用锡制盘子制成的 —— 一种传统的烹饪盘子，由一种叫做“锡”的银色金属制成。
Neil(尼尔)
And they were eaten by agricultural labourers – workers doing physical farm work during harvest time – the weeks in autumn when crops like wheat are cut and collected from the fields.
But it wasn’t only farmers and labourers who ate pasties. As well as its farms and fishing, Cornwall was famous for tin mines, as Ruth Huxley of the Cornish Pasty Association explains:
Pasties would have been eaten by lots of people who went to work but it just worked perfectly down mines, and Cornwall became the world capital of mining. And so lots of pasties were made, lots of pasties were eaten and then that mining community went all over the world and took the pasty with them.
Pasties were eaten by hungry workers involved in the mining industry - digging up materials such as coal or metals like gold, or in Cornwall tin, from the ground.
从事采矿业的饥饿工人吃馅饼 - 从地下挖出煤炭或黄金等金属或康沃尔锡等材料。
Rob(罗伯)
So far we’ve been talking about Cornwall. But you said the Cornish pasty has spread around the world, Neil. How did that happen?
到目前为止，我们一直在谈论康沃尔郡。但是你说康沃尔馅饼已经传遍了全世界，尼尔。这是怎么发生的？
Neil(尼尔)
Well, that’s connected to the tin miners we just talked about. Here’s Polly Russell again:
嗯，这与我们刚才谈到的锡矿工有关。波莉·罗素又来了：
Polly Russell, Public Life Curator, British Library(Polly Russell，大英图书馆公共生活策展人)
This is replicated, not just in Mexico but with migrants moving to America, to Minnesota, to Canada, to Australia. So anyone who travels to many of those places now will see foods which are incredibly reminiscent and familiar and just like Cornish pasties.
th In the 19 century, many Cornish tin miners emigrated, moving abroad to start a better life. Their pasty recipes were replicated – or copied exactly, in the new places where they landed, from America to Australia.
And that’s why in many places around the world you can find food which is reminiscent of pasties – meaning it reminds you of something similar, in this case the original Cornish pasty… with its traditional filling of… what’s was your quiz question again, Neil?
Ah, yes. I asked you what the traditional Cornish pasty filling was? You said…
啊，是的。我问你传统的康沃尔馅饼馅是什么？你说...
Rob(罗伯)
I said b) beef, potato and turnip.
我说b）牛肉、土豆和萝卜。
Neil(尼尔)
And you were right! ‘Keslowena’, Rob – that’s Cornish for ‘congratulations’!
你是对的！“Keslowena”，罗伯 —— 这是康沃尔语的“恭喜”！
Rob(罗伯)
‘Heb grev’, Neil – that’s ‘no problem’!
“Heb grev”，尼尔 —— 这“没问题”！
Neil(尼尔)
In fact those other fillings – chorizo, avocado and brie - really did feature in pasties entered for this year’s Annual World Pasty Championships, held in Cornwall every spring. Other pasty-inspired ideas include Argentinian chimichurri empanadas and spicy Jamaican patties.
So the pasty is still going strong, both in Cornwall and around the world.
因此，无论是在康沃尔郡还是在世界各地，这种馅饼仍然很流行。
Neil(尼尔)
Today we’ve been discussing Cornish pasties – a kind of filled pastry from the south-west of England, originally made in pewter dishes – a silver-coloured metal dish.
Pasties were eaten by agricultural labourers – farm workers bringing in the autumn harvest – the time when crops are cut and collected from the fields, and also by workers in the tin mining industry – digging up metals like tin from underground.
Later, when these miners emigrated to new lands, pasties were replicated – cooked again in the same way.
后来，当这些矿工移民到新的土地时，馅饼被复制了 —— 以同样的方式再次烹饪。
Rob(罗伯)
In fact Cornish miners moved to so many new countries that today, almost every corner of the world has food reminiscent of – or reminding you of, the original Cornish pasty.
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