Benjamin Netanyahu, born on October 21, 1949, is one of the most influential and polarizing figures in Israeli history. Known for his hardline security policies and hawkish stance on regional conflicts, Netanyahu holds the distinction of being Israel's longest-serving prime minister and the dominant figure in the right-wing Likud party. Revered by supporters as the "King of Israel" and reviled by many across the Arab world, his life is a story of brilliance, resilience, and controversy.

本雅明·内塔尼亚胡，1949年10月21日出生，是以色列历史上最具影响力、最具争议性的政治人物之一。他因强硬的安全政策和鹰派的地区立场而闻名，是以色列任职时间最长的总理，同时也是右翼政党利库德集团的核心人物。支持者尊称其为“以色列之王”，而在阿拉伯世界，内塔尼亚胡的名字却常被用作辱骂词，反映出他在中东地区的极端分裂形象。

From the Battlefield to MIT: A Life Forged in Conflict

战场与学术并重：在冲突中锤炼出的人生

Netanyahu's early years were marked by a blend of academia and military service. Educated in both Israel and the United States, he was fluent in English and deeply familiar with American culture. After high school, he joined the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), serving in an elite commando unit and participating in high-risk operations, including the dramatic 1972 Sabena Flight 571 rescue mission where he was injured.

内塔尼亚胡早年的生活融合了学术与军事。他在以色列和美国接受教育，精通英语，对美国文化了如指掌。高中毕业后，他加入以色列国防军精英特种部队，参与多次高风险任务，包括1972年震惊世界的萨贝纳航班人质营救行动，并在过程中负伤。

Following his military service, he studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), earning degrees in architecture and management, and briefly studied political science at Harvard. Despite his academic success, Netanyahu interrupted his studies to return to Israel during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, again placing national duty above personal ambition.

退役后，他前往麻省理工学院攻读建筑与管理学，并在哈佛大学短暂研修政治学。尽管学业优秀，他仍在1973年赎罪日战争爆发时中断学业返回以色列参战，再次将国家利益置于个人抱负之上。



Political Meteor: From Ambassador to Prime Minister

政坛新星：从大使到总理的崛起

Netanyahu began his political career in the 1980s, serving as Israel's ambassador to the United Nations. With eloquence and media savvy, he quickly rose within the Likud party. In 1996, at just 47, he became the youngest Prime Minister in Israeli history, largely on a platform of “security-first” and opposition to the Oslo Accords.

内塔尼亚胡在1980年代开启政治生涯，担任以色列驻联合国大使，凭借流利的口才和媒体感知能力迅速在利库德党内崭露头角。1996年，他以“安全优先”为口号反对《奥斯陆协议》，在年仅47岁时成为以色列最年轻的总理。

Though defeated in 1999 amid scandal and political tension, Netanyahu made a strong comeback. He later served as Finance Minister, implementing controversial but effective economic reforms. By 2009, he returned as Prime Minister, launching an era dominated by security concerns, economic modernization, and assertive diplomacy.

尽管在1999年因丑闻与政治动荡下台，内塔尼亚胡很快卷土重来，先后担任财政部长并推行一系列经济改革。2009年，他再次出任总理，此后长期执政，以安全为核心，推进经济现代化，同时展开强势外交。



The Architect of a Hardline Era

强硬时代的缔造者

Under his leadership, Israel expanded settlements, tightened control over Palestinian territories, and engaged in multiple military confrontations with Hamas and Hezbollah. He ordered strikes that killed key Hamas leaders and dismantled tunnel networks, claiming to have “eliminated Hamas” in some regions. He also opposed negotiations with Iran and repeatedly warned the international community about Iran’s nuclear ambitions.

在他的领导下，以色列不断扩建定居点，加强对巴勒斯坦领土的控制，并多次与哈马斯、真主党爆发军事冲突。他下令暗杀哈马斯高层，摧毁其地道网络，声称“基本消灭哈马斯”。他坚决反对与伊朗谈判，并多次在国际场合警告伊朗核威胁。

In 2022, Netanyahu formed what was described as the most right-wing government in Israeli history, including ultra-nationalist and religious parties. His policies triggered waves of domestic protests and widened the rift with Palestinians, culminating in deadly military operations such as the 2023 Jenin raid.

2022年，内塔尼亚胡组建了以色列史上最右翼政府，成员包括极端民族主义和宗教党派。他的政策引发国内大规模抗议，也加剧了与巴勒斯坦的对立，最终导致如2023年杰宁突袭等血腥行动。

A Legacy of Power and Polarization

权力与极化并存的遗产

Despite international criticism, Netanyahu remains a dominant force. His recent response to the October 2023 Hamas attacks has reignited global debate over Israel’s military conduct and humanitarian responsibilities. Reports of him narrowly escaping a missile attack in 2024 underscored the volatility of the region and the personal risks he faces.

尽管饱受国际批评，内塔尼亚胡依然是以色列政坛的核心人物。2023年10月哈马斯突袭后，他的强硬回应再次引发全球对以色列军事行为和人道责任的争议。2024年他在疑似导弹袭击中死里逃生的报道，更突显了中东局势的危险与他个人所面临的高风险。

Netanyahu's vision of a “Greater Israel,” stretching beyond today’s borders, reveals the ideological ambition behind his policies. Whether seen as a protector of Israeli security or a symbol of regional unrest, his life and legacy will continue to shape the fate of Israel—and the entire Middle East.

内塔尼亚胡曾公开提出“大以色列”构想，其疆域远超以色列现有版图，展现了他政策背后的意识形态野心。无论他被视为捍卫国家安全的英雄，还是地区动荡的象征，他的生命轨迹和政治遗产，都将持续影响以色列乃至整个中东的未来。