A new study has found that ride-sharing services result in much more pollution than other kinds of private and public transportation.

一项新的研究发现，拼车服务造成的污染比其它类型的私人和公共交通要多得多。

Ride-sharing trips also draw passengers away from more environment friendly methods of travel,

拼车出行还会让乘客远离更环保的出行方式，

like public transportation, walking or biking,

比如公共交通、步行或骑自行车，

the study found.

这是该研究发现的。

Several studies in recent years have suggested that ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft can worsen traffic problems in cities,

近年来的几项研究表明，像优步和来福车等拼车服务会加剧城市交通问题，

which continue to have high rates of private vehicle ownership.

这些城市的私家车拥有率仍然很高。

The new study, carried out by the not-for-profit group Union of Concerned Scientists,

这项新研究是由非盈利组织“忧思科学家联盟”开展的，

represents an attempt to center on how ride-sharing services affect pollution.

试图集中研究拼车服务如何影响污染。

The research examined the effects of ride-sharing services on seven of America's largest cities.

这项研究调查了拼车服务对美国七大城市的影响。

Overall, the researchers reported that ride-sharing trips now

总的来说，研究人员报告说，现在拼车出行

"result in an estimated 69 percent more climate pollution on average than the trips they displace."

“造成的平均气候污染比其所取代的出行方式高出69%”。

The study notes that the same passengers could have chosen to travel by bus, train, bike, scooter or on foot.

该研究指出，这些乘客本来能选择乘坐公共汽车、火车、自行车、踏板车或步行出行。

One of the big reasons they give for this result is that ride-sharing vehicles are often driven with no passengers in the car.

关于这一结果，他们给出的一个重要原因是，拼车车辆经常在车内没有乘客的情况下行驶。

This happens when drivers are either waiting for rider requests,

这种情况要么发生在司机等待拼车者请求，

are on the way to pick up passengers or are driving in between pickups.

在去接乘客的路上，要么发生在接送乘客之间。

This situation, known as "deadheading,"

这种情况被称为“跑空趟”，

takes up about 42 percent of all ride-sharing driving activity, the study found.

研究发现其约占所有拼车行驶活动的42%。

The researchers said that deadheading results in about 50 percent more carbon dioxide than one person driving in a private vehicle.

研究人员称，跑空趟导致的二氧化碳排放量比一个人开私家车要多出约50%。

Both Uber and Lyft do offer a choice of a "pooled" ride,

优步和来福车都提供“顺路拼车”服务，

which involves drivers picking up additional riders during the same trip.

这涉及司机在同一行程中接额外的乘客。

The study urges services like Uber and Lyft to work to increase the amount of pooled rides.

该研究敦促像优步和来福车这样的服务公司努力增加顺路拼车行程。

It also urges the two companies to increase the number of electric vehicles on the road,

它还敦促这两家公司增加道路上的电动汽车数量，

and to improve connections to public transportation centers.

并改善与公共交通中心的（道路）连接。

Both Uber and Lyft have said in the past that most studies on the subject overstate the effects of their services on pollution.

优步和来福车过去都曾表示，大多数这方面的研究都夸大了它们的服务对污染的影响。

They have noted that the majority of vehicles on the road belong to private individuals or companies.

它们注意到，道路上的大多数车辆属于私人或公司。

Uber told Reuters news agency in a statement it had no comment on the latest report.

优步在一份声明中告诉路透社，它对最新的报道不予置评。

But the company said it aims to be part of the solution to address climate change by working directly with cities.

但该公司表示，它的目标是通过与城市直接合作，成为应对气候变化的部分解决方案。

The statement added that Uber would continue to promote pooled trips and other means of transportation.

声明补充说，优步将继续推广顺路拼车和其它交通方式。

Lyft told Reuters in a statement that the study made misleading claims about ride-sharing.

来福车在一份声明中告诉路透社，该研究关于拼车服务的言论具有误导性。

But the company said it shares the goals of increasing the number of pooled rides

但该公司表示，目标是一致的，都是要增加顺路拼车行程数量，

and putting more electric vehicles in service.

让更多的电动汽车投入使用。

Both companies already operate businesses that offer electric scooters and bikes,

这两家公司早已经开始运营提供电动踏板车和自行车的业务，

and have begun to include public transportation information in their systems.

并已经开始将公共交通信息纳入其系统。

In some cities, they have also promoted vehicle electrification.

在一些城市，它们还推动了车辆电气化。

I'm Bryan Lynn.

布莱恩·林恩为您播报。