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Chalk is a material used to write on chalkboards. But the expression chalk it up to something has nothing to do with writing.

Chalk it Up to Something 将某事（的发生）归因于

Dan: My best friend hired this really young guy to plan her wedding, and he's just awful.

Anna: Well, if he's young, you can probably chalk it up to his inexperience.

Dan: Twenty percent of his errors are from his inexperience. But 80 percent is from lack of preparation and basic knowledge.

Anna: Wow, you did math.

The phrase chalk it up to something explains the reasons why something happens. It is another way to say that something was caused by something else.