演讲题目：How to choose your news

演讲简介：

随着互联网和社交媒体的到来，新闻通过前所未有大量的媒体，以惊人的速度传播。我们要如何选择新闻？



中英文字幕

How do you know what's happening in your world?

你会通过什么方式去了解这个世界正在发生什么？

The amount of information just a click away may be limitless, but the time and energy we have to absorb and evaluate it is not.

动动鼠标，你就可以知道大把消息，多到数不过来的消息，但是我们用来吸收和判断这些消息的时间和精力却是有限的。

All the information in the world won't be very useful unless you know how to read the news.

对你来说，并不是每一条消息都有用，除非你知道如何去选择新闻。

To your grandparents, parents, or even older siblings, this idea would have sounded strange.

对你的父辈，祖父辈，甚至是年长一点的哥哥姐姐来说，这个话题听来略显怪异。

Only a few decades ago, news was broad-based.

也就十几年前，新闻是包罗万象的。

Your choices were limited to a couple of general interest magazines and newspaper of record,

而你的选择也是很有限的局限于那些普通的杂志，报纸，

and three or four TV networks where trusted newscasters delivered the day's news at the same reliable time every evening.

还有3到4个电视频道，权威的播音员每天准时准点播出的每日新闻中。

But the problems with this system soon became apparent as mass media spread.

随着大众传媒的普及，这些老旧的收取新闻渠道的缺点变得越来越明显。

While it was known that authoritarian countries controlled and censored information,

虽然众所周知独裁国家控制和审查信息，

a series of scandals showed that democratic governments were also misleading the public, often with media cooperation.

一系列丑闻表明，民主政府也在误导公众，而且往往与媒体合作。

Revelations of covert wars, secret assassinations,

秘密战争，秘密暗杀，

and political corruption undermined public faith in official narratives presented by mainstream sources.

政治腐败破坏了公众对主流来源提供的官方叙述的信心。

This breakdown of trust in media gatekeepers lead to alternative newspapers, radio shows,

对媒体守门人信任的崩溃导致了另类报纸、广播节目、

and cable news competing with the major outlets and covering events from various perspectives.

以及与主要媒体竞争并从不同角度报道事件的有线电视新闻。

More recently, the Internet has multiplied the amount of information and viewpoints, with social media, blogs,

最近，互联网通过社交媒体、博客、

and online video turning every citizen into a potential reporter.

以及在线视频将每个公民变成潜在的记者。

But if everyone is a reporter, nobody is, and different sources may disagree, not only opinions, but on the facts themselves.

但是，如果每个人都是记者，没有人是，不同的消息来源可能会不同意，不仅意见，但对事实本身。

So how do you get the truth, or something close?

那么，如何获得真相或接近真相呢？

One of the best ways is to get the original news unfiltered by middlemen.

最好的方法之一是让原始新闻不被中间商过滤。

Instead of articles interpreting a scientific study or a politician's speech, you can often find the actual material and judge for yourself.

您通常可以找到实际材料并自行判断，而不是解释科学研究或政治家演讲的文章。

For current events, follow reporters on social media.

如需时事，请在社交媒体上关注记者。

During major events, such as the Arab Spring or the Ukrainian protests,

在阿拉伯之春或乌克兰抗议等重大事件期间，

newscasters and bloggers have posted updates and recordings from the midst of the chaos.

新闻播音员和博主发布了混乱中的更新和录音。

Though many of these later appear in articles or broadcasts,

尽管其中许多后来出现在文章或广播中，

keep in mind that these polished versions often combine the voice of the person who was there with the input of editors who weren't.

请记住，这些经过润色的版本通常结合了在场的人的声音和不在现场的编辑的意见。

At the same time, the more chaotic the story, the less you should try to follow it in real time.

与此同时，故事越混乱，您就越不应该尝试实时关注它。

In events like terrorist attacks and natural disasters, today's media attempts continuous coverage even when no reliable new information is available,

在恐怖袭击和自然灾害等事件中，即使没有可靠的新信息，今天的媒体也会尝试连续报道，

sometimes leading to incorrect information or false accusations of innocent people.

有时会导致错误信息或对无辜者的虚假指控。

It's easy to be anxious in such events, but try checking for the latest information at several points in the day, rather than every few minutes,

在此类事件中很容易感到焦虑，但请尝试在一天中的几个时间点检查最新信息，而不是每隔几分钟检查一次，

allowing time for complete details to emerge and false reports to be refuted.

以便有时间让完整的细节浮出水面，并驳斥虚假报道。

While good journalism aims for objectivity, media bias is often unavoidable.

虽然好的新闻报道旨在客观性，但媒体偏见往往是不可避免的。

When you can't get the direct story, read coverage in multiple outlets which employ different reporters and interview different experts.

当您无法获得直接的故事时，请阅读多个媒体的报道，这些媒体雇用不同的记者并采访不同的专家。

Tuning in to various sources and noting the differences lets you put the pieces together for a more complete picture.

调整各种来源并注明差异可以让您将各个部分组合在一起，以获得更完整的图片。

It's also crucial to separate fact from opinion.

区分事实与观点也至关重要。

Words like think, likely, or probably mean that the outlet is being careful or, worse, taking a guess.

“认为”、“可能”或“可能”等词意味着出口正在小心，或者更糟糕的是，正在猜测。

And watch out for reports that rely on anonymous sources.

并注意依赖匿名来源的报告。

These could be people who have little connection to the story, or have an interest in influencing coverage,

这些人可能与故事关系不大，或者有兴趣影响报道，

their anonymity making them unaccountable for the information they provide.

他们的匿名性使他们对所提供的信息不负责任。

Finally, and most importantly, try to verify news before spreading it.

最后，也是最重要的是，在传播新闻之前尝试核实新闻。

While social media has enabled the truth to reach us faster,

虽然社交媒体让真相更快地到达我们手中，

it's also allowed rumors to spread before they can be verified and falsehoods to survive long after they've been refuted.

它还允许谣言在被证实之前传播，谎言在被驳斥后仍然存在很长时间。

So, before you share that unbelievable or outrageous news item,

因此，在您分享这个令人难以置信或令人愤慨的新闻之前，

do a web search to find any additional information or context you might have missed and what others are saying about it.

进行网络搜索，查找您可能错过的任何其他信息或上下文以及其他人对此的看法。

Today, we are more free than ever from the old media gatekeepers who used to control the flow of information.

今天，我们比以往任何时候都更加自由，不再受到过去控制信息流的旧媒体守门人的影响。

But with freedom comes responsibility: the responsibility to curate our own experience and ensure that this flow does not become a flood,

但自由随之而来的是责任：有责任策划我们自己的经历并确保这种流动不会变成洪水，

leaving us less informed than before we took the plunge.

这让我们比冒险之前了解得更少。