Are you good at remembering your computer passwords, Georgina?
乔治娜，你善于记住你的电脑密码吗？
Georgina(乔治娜)
Um, not really Neil – I mostly use something easy to remember, like my mother’s maiden name or the street where I was born.
嗯，不是真的尼尔 —— 我主要使用一些容易记住的东西，比如我母亲的娘家姓或我出生的街道。
Neil(尼尔)
Or the name of your first pet! Yes, me too - but we should be more careful about online security, Georgina, because of a worrying trend, and the topic of this programme – online fraud.
Online fraud involves using the internet to trick someone into giving away their money or data. It takes many forms, from deceptive emails which trick us into paying money to the wrong bank account, to the theft of credit card details.
It’s regarded by some as a highly profitable and relatively low-risk crime, so in this programme we’ll be finding out why it’s so easy for criminals, or fraudsters, to steal our money.
But first, it’s time for our quiz question. In July 2020, nine British men were arrested for defrauding the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme – a government fund for workers who’ve lost their job to Covid-19. They set up fake companies and applied, fraudulently, for money. But how much money has been claimed in total through the coronavirus job scheme in the UK? Is it: a) 17 billion pounds?; b) 27 billion pounds? or, c) 37 billion pounds?
Hmm, it must be a lot, so I’ll say a) 17 billion pounds.
嗯，一定很多，所以我会说 a） 170 亿英镑。
Neil(尼尔)
OK, Georgina, we’ll find out later. Now, Rachel Tobac, CEO of Social Proof Security, is an expert in cyber crime. She describes herself as an ’ethical fraudster’. Businesses wanting to combat fraud employ her to hack into their computer systems to find their weak spots.
Here, Rachel explains to BBC World Service programme, The Inquiry, how getting people’s information is the key to online fraud:
在这里，Rachel 向 BBC World Service 节目 The Inquiry 解释了获取人们的信息如何成为在线欺诈的关键：
Rachel Tobac(雷切尔·托巴克)
The reason why we’re able to do that, from an attacker mindset, is because we use what’s called OSINT – open source intelligence. We look up everything about you. We can figure out who your assistant is, who your accountant is on LinkedIn. We know what emails you use from screen shots that you’ve put on your Instagram…
Rachel looks at fraud from a criminal’s mindset - someone’s way of thinking and the general attitudes and opinions they have about something.
雷切尔从犯罪分子的心态来看待欺诈 —— 某人的思维方式以及他们对某事的一般态度和意见。
Georgina(乔治娜)
From a fraudster’s perspective, the most valuable thing is intelligence - secret information about a government or country, or in this case a person, such as the information people unwittingly post on social media.
Fraudsters use this intelligence to build up a picture of someone’s online activity.
欺诈者利用这种情报来构建某人在线活动的图片。
Georgina(乔治娜)
And as BBC World Service The Inquiry presenter, Charmaine Cozier, explains, there are many ways of doing this:
正如 BBC World Service The Inquiry 主持人 Charmaine Cozier 所解释的那样，有很多方法可以做到这一点：
Charmaine Cozier(Charmaine Cozier)
Fraudsters have thousands of cover stories but the end goal is always the same – to trick people out of cash or possessions. Rachel says they have options for how to do that. Login details stolen during a data breach from one company, often using software or viruses called malware, are used to infiltrate customer accounts at another.
To access people’s data, fraudsters use cover stories – false stories told in order to hide the truth. For example, they may pretend to be calling from your bank or credit card company.
If people believe these cover stories and share personal data, this can result in a data breach - an occasion when private information can be seen by people who should not be able to see it.
如果人们相信这些报道并分享个人数据，这可能会导致数据泄露 - 私人信息可以被不应该看到的人看到。
Neil(尼尔)
Malware - computer software and viruses that are designed to damage the way a computer works – can also be used to gain login details and passwords…
…data which is then used to infiltrate other online accounts - secretly enter a place, group or organisation in order to spy on it or influence it.
…然后用于渗透其他在线帐户的数据 - 秘密进入一个地方、团体或组织，以监视或影响它。
Neil(尼尔)
Modern fraudsters are so devious at collecting online information that many victims only realise what’s happened after their bank accounts have been emptied.
现代欺诈者在收集在线信息方面非常狡猾，以至于许多受害者在他们的银行账户被清空后才意识到发生了什么。
Georgina(乔治娜)
Which I guess was the mindset behind those British fraudsters you mentioned earlier, Neil.
我想这就是你之前提到的那些英国欺诈者背后的心态，尼尔。
Neil(尼尔)
Ah yes, the nine men who tried to defraud the Coronavirus Jobs Retention Scheme. Remember for my quiz question I asked you how much the scheme has paid out in total so far in the UK.
Well, in fact it’s even more – the correct answer is b) 27 billion pounds. Luckily, the 495 thousand pounds which these fraudsters tried to steal was recovered.
Even so, Neil, I think I’m going to change my passwords soon! Better safe than sorry!
即便如此，尼尔，我想我很快就会更改密码！安全总比后悔好！
Neil(尼尔)
Good idea, Georgina. In this programme, we’ve been hearing about the rise in online fraud, often committed when fraudsters gain intelligence - secret information about a person posted on the internet.
These criminals’ mindset – or mentality, is to surreptitiously find information by creating a cover story - a false story someone tells in order to hide the truth.
By posing as clerks from your bank, for example, they might be able to access sensitive private information which they should not be able to see – an event sometimes called a data breach.
Another way fraudsters infiltrate – or gain access secretly, without permission - is with the use of malware – computer software and viruses designed to damage the way a computer works.
If you want to find out more about keeping yourself safe from online fraud, search the BBC website using the term, ‘cyber security’. And if you like topical discussion and want to learn how to use the vocabulary found in headlines, why not check out our News Review podcast? We also have a free app you can download for Android and iOS.
如果您想了解更多关于保护自己免受在线欺诈的信息，请使用“网络安全”一词搜索 BBC 网站。如果您喜欢主题讨论并想学习如何使用头条新闻中的词汇，为什么不查看我们的新闻评论播客呢？我们还有一个免费的应用程序，您可以下载适用于 Android 和 iOS 的应用程序。
Georgina(乔治娜)
And for more trending topics and real-life vocabulary, look no further than 6 Minute English, from BBC Learning English. See you next time. Bye!
有关更多热门话题和现实生活中的词汇，请看 BBC Learning English 的六分钟英语。下次再见。再见！
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