我们上次讲了几个来自扑克牌桌的习惯用语。今天我们还要讲几个。第一个是:pass the buck。Buck原意是雄鹿,但是这里指刀柄是鹿角做成的猎刀。
在早年美国西部这种猎刀几乎人手一把。牌桌的规矩是轮流做庄发牌。打完一付牌就轮到坐在发牌人左边的那位发。为了不搞错,人们就在牌桌上传递一把猎刀帮助记忆。每人发完牌就把猎刀传给下一个发牌人。也就是pass the buck,意思是把发牌的责任交给他了。
如今习惯用语pass the buck意义有了发展,不再指牌桌规矩。我们听个例子来琢磨它的含义吧。这是个企业主管在为手下人工作不力而生气。
例句-1:When I asked my secretary Miss Brown why she hadn't mailed out these very important letters to customers, she passed the buck to our office boy for not having enough stamps ready.
他问秘书Brown小姐为什么还不把那些至关重要的信件寄给顾客,而秘书却怪办公室的勤杂员没备足邮票。
显然秘书是要把疏忽寄信的责任推到勤杂员身上。所以习惯用语pass the buck意思是"推卸责任。"
美国总统杜鲁门非常爱打扑克,他在白宫的办公桌上贴着这样一条标语:the buck stops here。刚才说过习惯用语pass the buck意思是推卸责任。换句话说就是把责任推到别人身上。从pass the buck我们可以推测习惯用语the buck stops here是什么意思。如果直译是:这把猎刀就留在我这儿不传给别人了。也就是说责任或罪责由我一人承当。
例句-2:The difference between my opponent and me is that he's built his whole career on blaming others when things go wrong. I promise you, friends, that if you elect me the buck stops here!
例句-3:Bill, if you're looking for a good lawyer for that important case, you ought to talk to my cousin Bernie -- he's a partner in a real blue-chip law firm, one of the best in town.
他说这是一家blue-chip law firm,又说这家事务所是one of the best in town, 可见blue-chip意思就是"最好的。"
最后再学个习惯用语:close to the vest。Vest是背心。过去人们常在衬衫外穿件背心。扑克老手是绝对不让别人有机会看到他手上牌的,所以他拿着的牌总是紧贴自己的前胸,在靠近背心的部位。也就是close to the vest。这样谁也没法偷看他手上掌握的秘密了。习惯用语close to the vest出典就在这儿。让我们听个例子来揣摩这个习惯用语的含义。
例句-4:Everybody is wondering who the president will appoint to the vacant chair on the supreme court. But he's playing his cards close to his vest and nobody really knows who it will be.