Lesson 62 After the fire 大火之后

control n.控制，抑制，支配；管理，操纵。

温习：

Firemen had been fighting the forest for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.

消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近3个星期才最后把炎热控制住。

应用：

He tried to control me .他试图支配我。

A captain controls his ship and its crew.

船长管理他的船和船上的船员。

She argued for import control.

他主张实行进口限制。

扩展：

controller n 控制者，管理者，指挥者

smoke n..烟；吸烟v.冒烟；抽烟；用烟熏制

温习：

Now , smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.

而现在，发热的地面上仍然升腾着烟雾，弥漫在荒凉的山丘上。

搭配：

end up in smoke 烟消云散，完全落花流水空，终成泡影

from smoke into smother.从烟里掉进火里；越来越坏

go up in smoke被烧毁；化为乌有，成为泡影

smoke out 以烟熏逐出；查出

应用：

The house is full of smoke 满屋子都是烟。

The doctor told me not to smoke.

医生告诫我不要抽烟。

There is no smoke with out fire.(=Where there’s smoke, there’s fire.)

[彦]无火不起烟；无风不起浪。

扩展：

smoker n.吸烟者

smoking n.吸烟，抽烟

desolate adj.无人的，荒凉的；阴郁的，孤独凄凉的 v.毁坏，极大地破坏；使沮丧，使痛苦

温习：

Now smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.

而现在，发热的地面上仍然升腾着烟雾，弥漫在荒凉的山丘上。

应用：

The house was desolate, ready to be torn down.

这房子没人居住，等着拆除。

He has been desolate since his wife died.

自从妻子去世后，他一直很孤独。

The invading army desolated the country.

入侵的军队使那个国家饱受蹂躏。

近义词：barren 荒芜的，贫瘠的

扩展：desolation n.遗弃；荒1凉；破坏；凄凉，孤寂

threaten v恐吓，威胁；预示（某事）

温习：

Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction..

冬季即将来临，这些山丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭性的威胁。

搭配：

threaten with 用。。。。威胁

threaten

to do sth.威胁要做某事，扬言要做某事

应用：

It will seriously threaten the prosperity of the country.

不要威胁我，我不会和你妥协的。

The black clouds threaten a storm.

乌云预示暴风雨的来临。

辨析：

threaten/menace 都含“威胁”，恐吓的意思。

Threaten指“扬言将以伤害或惩罚迫使某人去做（或不做）某事”。

I was threatened with a beating if I didn’t obey.

如果我不服从，他扬言要打我。

menace 强调“以态度或动作等表示将要迫害某人”。

They menaced her with a whip.

他们用鞭子威胁她。

扩展：threat n.威胁，恐吓

threatening adj.胁迫的，危险的

surrounding adj.周围的n.围绕物，环境

温习：

Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction.

冬季即将来临，这些山丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭性的威胁。

搭配：social surroundings 社会环境

the surrounding country 近郊

近义词：ambient 周围的，包围着的

扩展：v.包围

destruction n.破坏，毁灭，消灭

温习：

Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction.

冬季即将来临，这些山丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭性的威胁。

搭配：do destruction to (对。。。。。造成)破坏，（使。。。。）毁灭

应用：

The enemy bombs caused widespread destruction.

敌人的炸弹造成大面积的破坏。

destruction pursues the great.树大招风。

反义词：construction建造，建设

扩展：destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的

flood n.洪水，水灾；大量，大批

v.（使）为水淹没；大量涌来；充满

温习：

For heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would case serious floods as well.

因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤，而且还会引起严重的水灾。

搭配：flood from.从。。。。。。大量而来

flood in 涌进

flood out (洪水)迫使离开（家园）；掩没

flood with 被。。。。淹；挤满，充满

应用：

A lot of villages were absorbed into the flood.

很多村庄被洪水吞没。

Our street floods whenever we have rain.

我们的街道一下雨就淹水。

Letters flooded the office.

办公室里到处是信件。

反义词：drought 干旱（时期）

扩展：flooding n.泛滥

authority n.权力，职权；（常用复数）当局，权威，专家

温习：

When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass –seed which would grow quickly.

在大火最后被扑灭后，森林管理当局麻风了好几吨一种生长迅速的特殊类型的草籽。

搭配：

have authority over/with 有权管理

in authority持有权力的地位

on the authorities有关当局

应用：

A policeman has the authority to arrest lawbreakers.

警察有权逮捕犯法的人。

The local authorities decided to build a suspension bridge over the river.

该地区政府决定在这条河上建一座吊桥。

扩展：

authoritarian adj.权力主义的，专制的n.专制者，独裁者

authoritative adj.有权威的，可信的；当局的官方的

authorize v.授权，批准；委托

grass-seed草籽

温习：

When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.

在大火扑灭后，森林管理局麻风了好几吨一种生长迅速的特殊类型的草籽。

扩展：

grassland n.草原，草地，草场

spray v.喷撒 n.浪花，飞沫；喷雾

温习：

The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.

飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地上。

搭配：

spray on 把。。。。。喷在。。。。。。上

spray with 用。。。。。喷在。。。。上

应用：

He sprayed water on the flowers in the morning.

他早上给花浇水。

We were wet with the sea spray.

我们被海水的浪花溅湿。

A spray of salt water hit her in the face.

飞溅的海水打在她的脸上。

近义词：

spatter溅，洒落

sprinkle洒，撒

扩展：

sprayer n.喷雾的人（东西）；喷雾器，喷泉漆器；酒水车

quantity n.数目，数量；量，大小

温习：

The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes.

飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地上。

搭配：

a great quantity of 大量

in (large)quantities大量地，大批地

应用：

Mathematics is the science of pure quantity.

数学是研究纯数量的科学。

I prefer quality to quantity.

我重质量胜过重数量。

Quantities of food were on the table.

桌上摆了大量食物。

扩展：quantitative adj.数量（上）的

quantify v.确定。。。。的数量

root n.根，根部；根源，根基，根本，基础；祖籍，老家v.(指植物)生根成长，使（某人）站立不动；使（某事物）深深扎根

温习：

By then ，however, in many places the grass had already taken root.

然而到那时，很多地方的草已经生了根。

搭配：

root out彻底根除

root and branch连根带叶；彻底的

root up杜绝

应用：

The roots of this plant go deep.

这种植物的根扎得很深。

Money is the root of all evil.

金钱是万恶之源。

Her affection for him is deeply rooted.

她对他的爱是坚定不移的。

century n 世纪，百年

温习：

In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.

一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地上，代替了多少世纪以来一直生长 在那里的参天大树。

搭配：

in the eighties of the twentieth century.

在20世纪80年代

应用：

The 5thcentury saw the end of the Roman Empire in the west.

古罗马帝国灭亡于5世纪。

扩展：

centuries-old历史悠久的

centenary n.一百周年（纪念）

patch n.补丁；斑，块；小块，小片v.补，修理；调停，解决

温习：

In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.

一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地上，代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在那里的参天大树。

搭配：patch up 修补；匆忙处理；平息，解决（纠纷等）

应用：

He had a patch of blue was visible in the cloudy sky.

多云的天空中只见到一小块儿湛蓝。

Give me some cloth to patch your trousers.

给我一点布来补你的裤子。

扩展：patchy adj.斑驳的；不完整的

Blacken v.(使)变黑，把。。。。弄黑；诽谤

温习：

In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries, patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.

一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地上，代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在那里的参天大树。

应用：

Clouds blacken the heavens.云遮暗了天。

His face was blacked with coal.他的脸被煤弄黑了。

He blackens his opponents by giving them names.

他用起起各种外号来诽谤他的对手。

反义词：whiten(使某物)变白或更白

扩展：

Black adj.黑色的，黑暗的