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Saving Your Oral English

Terry S.Chiu @EnFamily

原则1 使用连接词，保证逻辑性

区分英语说写好坏的标准之一就是连接词的使用，一个英语学习者会不会使用连接词，将直接决定其英语的地道程度和逻辑性，写作中如此，口语中更是这样。不少朋友不习惯使用逻辑词，是因为在汉语中，有时并不需要使用太多的逻辑词。例如，汉语中我们常说“你去，我就去。”但英语中一般不说“You go, I go.”而是要加入适当的假设连接词，说成“If you go, then I will go.”，显然更符合英语的表达习惯。可见，要想拯救你的英语口语，就要从转变汉语中不常使用连接词这一语言习惯做起。专家总结认为，英语中的连接词可分为两大类：句子内部连接词和句群之间连接词。

（1）句子内部连接词

1）类比和对比：although, though, even though, while, whereas

2）原因和结果：since, so that, because, as

3）时间：after, when, until, whenever, before

4）可能性：if, as if, whether, unless

5）地点：wherever, where

6）方式：how

（2）句群之间连接词

1）逻辑顺序：firstly, secondly, thirdly, next, last, finally, in addition, furthermore, also, at present

2）重要性先后：most/more importantly, most significantly, above all, primarily, it is essential

3）类比和对比：similarly, likewise, also, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in comparison, in contrast

4）原因和结果：the cause of, the reason for, as a result, as a consequence, therefore, thus, consequently, hence

5）强调：undoubtedly, indeed, obviously, generally, admittedly, in fact, in particular, especially, clearly, importantly

6）递进：and, in addition, additionally, furthermore, also, too, as well as

7）举例：for example, for instance, that is, such as, including, namely

原则2 发音到位，保证清晰性

发音，是保证英语口语清晰性的关键因素。这里要注意的是，发音和口音不同，口音问题主要是由于本国母语或地方方言的影响而造成的语言习惯，并不影响正常的口语交流。以下是建议同志们需要掌握英语中的六大发音原则：

1）长元音和短元音区别不在于长短，而是嘴型

长短音并不是以长短来区分的，而是以发音的位置来区分的，如长音[i:]这个发音，嘴巴尽量咧开，像微笑一样的发出，你去看外国人读sweet这个词，那个甜蜜哦！呵呵，所以有人把长音[i:]叫做微笑发音。短音[i ]是介于长音[i:]和轻音[e]中间的一个音，绝对不是我们中文中的“衣服”的"衣"的发音,如例句中的is, busy。

1）I think Tom is a fool.

2）My full name is Li Ming.

3）Please feel free to call me, I am not busy.

2）双元音饱满到位

发好双元音，口形非常重要。尽量用你的口形来夸张发音，争取在较短的时间内用饱满、到位的口形把双元音读完，如以下例句中的hate, late, there, smoke, without, fire, take, break。

1）I hate being late for work!

2）There is no smoke without fire.

3）Let’s take a break.

3）咬舌头

有不少同学发[θ]和[ð]时，没有注意到这个原则，养成了不好的发音习惯，希望在平时的训练中多加练习，特别是以下例句中的thirty, three, thousand, this, than, that, thank等词。

1）Thirty-three thousand three hundred and thirty-three.

2）This is better than that.

3）Thanks a lot.

（4）卷舌头

与发[r]音不同，发[l]音时舌头应轻触上齿和齿龈的交界处。以下例句中的right, wrong, crazy, spirit包含了[r]音；tell, likely, Lucy, will, library, learn, English包含了[l]音。

1）I can tell right from wrong.

2）It’s not likely that Lucy will be at the library.

3）He has a crazy spirit in learning English.

（5）咬嘴唇

发[f]音时，上齿应轻触下唇，气流从口中自然流出，如以下例句中的life, five等词；发[v]音时，上齿同样轻触下唇，但稍微紧一些，使气流受到阻碍，产生浊化的效果，如以下例句中的give, advice, very, arrive等词。

1）Can you give me some advice?

2）He lives a very good life.

3）You have to arrive before five.

（6）闭嘴巴

发[m]音时，双唇紧闭，气流从鼻腔中自然流出。在练习中，要特别注意以下例句中employee, time, swim, system, complicated的[m]音。

1）My employees make me happy most of the time.

2）Melinda might be able to swim one more mile.

3）The system is more complicated than I thought.

原则3 注意语法，保证准确性

语法不是万能的，但没有语法又是万万不能的。口语虽然不需要像写作那样特别重视语法的准确性，但是掌握并熟练运用一些基本的语法，能保证我们在沟通时的准确性。以下是口语中需要特别注意的语法知识点：

（1）时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、完成进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、完成进行时

（2）语态：主动语态、被动语态

（3）简单句：五种形式（主+谓；主+谓+宾；主+谓+宾+宾补；主+谓+间宾+直宾；主+系+表）

（4）并列句：and, or, but

（5）复合句：主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、表语从句、同谓语从句

口语词汇

早上要吃好:

豆浆soy milk

油条fried bread stick

馒头steamed bread

包子steamed stuffed bun

花卷steamed twisted roll

肉夹馍Chinese burger

馕/印度烤饼naan bread

粥/稀饭congee

皮蛋preserved egg

泡菜/咸菜pickle

咸鸭蛋salted duck egg

蛋炒饭fried rice with egg

汤圆sweet dumpling

水饺boiled dumpling/ravioli

豆腐乳fermented soybean curd/tofu

蒸饺steamed dumpling/ravioli

煎饺fried dumpling/ravioli

馄饨/抄手/云吞wonton

烧饼clay oven roll

糯米团/粢饭团sticky rice roll

肠粉steamed rice roll

米粉/米线rice noodles

炒河粉fried rice noodles

土豆粉potato noodles

红薯粉sweet potato noodles

酸辣粉hot and sour sweet potato noodles

刀削面shaved noodles

发糕steamed sponge cake

煎饼pancake

中午要吃饱:

番茄炒鸡蛋scrambled egg with tomato

宫保鸡丁Kung Pao Chicken/spicy diced chicken with peanuts

麻婆豆腐Mapo Tofu/stir-fried tofu in hot sauce

红烧肉red-cooked pork

狮子头braised pork balls

糖醋排骨sweet and sour spareribs

北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck

鱼香茄子eggplants with garlic sauce

京酱肉丝sauteed shredded pork with sweet bean sauce

腊肉salted and smoked meat

炒时蔬sauteed seasonal vegetables

小炒肉fried pork with vegetables

回锅肉twice-cooked pork with hot sauce

晚上要吃少:

年夜饭(family) reunion dinner

蛋花汤egg and vegetable soup

紫菜汤seaweed soup

黄金玉米sautéed sweet corn with salted egg yolk

豆豉鲮鱼油麦菜sauteed vegetable with diced fish and black bean sauce

干煸苦瓜sauteed bitter gourd

水煮鱼片fish filets in hot chili oil

冬菇扒菜胆braised vegetables with black mushroom

白切鸡plain-boiled chicken

梅菜扣肉pork with preserved vegetables

粉蒸肉steamed pork with sticky rice

甜烧白steamed pork roll with sugar and glutinous rice

糖醋里脊fried pork fillet with sweet and sour sauce

芹菜炒牛肉fried beef with celery

饭后吃点水果:

榴莲durian

山竹mangosteen

菠萝蜜jackfruit

红毛丹rambutan

火龙果pitaya

蓝莓blueberry

猕猴桃kiwifruit

龙眼/桂圆longan

柚子shaddock

荔枝lychee

哈密瓜Hami melon

西柚grapefruit

大枣jujube

鳄梨/牛油果/酪梨avocado

桔子Madarine orange

山楂hawthorn

Mock Test

Describe a meal (or dish) that you like to eat

You should say:

what it is

where you usually eat it

what the meal is made of

and explain why you like it.

Describe a restaurant that you like to go to (with your family or friends)

You should say:

what restaurant it is

when you go there (or, how often you go there)

what kind of food they serve there (or, what service they provide)

who you usually go there with

and explain why you like to eat at this place.