在近期的泉州高中毕业质量监测考试中，

出现了这个词：

Some criminalskidnap (绑架) him, hoping to profit from his powers.

kid是 「小孩」，nap是「打盹」，kidnap怎么就成了「 绑架」？

这个词的背后有一段不得不说的黑历史。

欧洲人刚到北美大陆进行殖民活动时，劳动力严重缺乏。吸引更多的人移民北美成了解决劳动力短缺的主要办法。



在这种背景下，产生了“契约仆役”。契约仆役就是一些想移民北美，但又无力支付坐船来到北美的费用的人。

这些人与船主或移民机构签订卖身契约，坐船来到北美，被贩卖给北美的殖民者充当仆役，为其劳役若干年。



劳役期满后，他们能拿到一定数量的自由费用，当局也会划拨一些土地给他们，让他们在新大陆开始新生活。

由于愿意充当契约仆役的人并不多，有一些人就将目光投向了平民窟的青少年。他们用甜言蜜语诱骗穷人子女上船前往北美充当契约仆役，甚至采取绑架的方式。



在英王查理二世统治期间，这种绑架青少年前往北美的行为发展到了极点，从而产生了一个专门形容这种绑架行为的英语单词kidnap。

kidnap由kid（儿童）和nap组合而成，nap是nab（捉住）的变体。kidnap的字面意思就是“抓走儿童”。

kidnap本来只用来表示绑架儿童的行为，后来词义拓展为表示一切绑架行为。



英语词汇中有大量kidnap这样的合成词（当然不是每一个都有黑历史），《课标》要求我们，能“准确理解派生词、合成词、抽象名词、搭配等”。

下面这几个近年出现在高考真题中的合成词，都能理解其含义吗？

1

show+ case → showcase v 展示

[2024全国甲卷] We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities.

2

kick(踢)+start(开始)→用脚时启动 kick-start 促使……开始，使(项目)尽快启动

[2023·全国乙卷] The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.

3

kick(踢)+start(开始)→用脚时启动 kick-start 促使……开始，使(项目)尽快启动

[2022·全国甲卷] As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.

4

black(黑色的)+list(名单)→blacklist 黑名单，此处作动词，表示"把……列入黑名单"

[2021·全国甲卷] It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.

5

under- (不足，未)+ rate(评价，评估)→underrate 低估

[2021·北京卷] One's potential cannot always be underrated.

6

counter- (反对，对立)+ act(行为) → counteract 抵制，抵消

[2021·北京卷] Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.

7

rider(骑车者)+ -ship (表示头衔、地位、技巧或关系)→ridership n 客流量

[2024新课标Ⅱ卷] Ridership on transit (交通) systems across the country has been down the past half century, so could short stories save transit?

8

sun(太阳)+screen(遮蔽物) →sunscreen n 防晒霜

[2024新课标I卷] Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.

9

member(成员) + -ship (表示头衔、地位、技巧或关系)→ membership n 会员数

[2024新课标I卷] Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.

10

data (数据)+ set (一套)→dataset n 数据集

[2024新课标I卷] What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?

11

spell(拼写) + check(检查) + -er → spellchecker n 拼写检查程序

[2024新课标I卷] I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.

12

hand(手) + craft(工艺，手艺) → handcraft n 手工艺品

[2024全国甲卷] What can you do together with Javier Marin?

A. Practice a traditional dance.

B. Make handcrafts.

C. Visit a local museum.

D. Feed invertebrates.

13

spring(跳)+board(板)→springboard 跳板，基础

[2023·新高考Ⅱ卷] These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.

14

hunter(狩猎者)+gatherer(采集者) →hunter- gatherer 狩猎采集者

[2022·新高考I卷] These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.

15

shape(形状)+recognition(识别)→shape- recognition 形状识别

[2022·全国甲卷] Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.

16

trial(试验)+and+error(错误)→trial-and- error反复试验，不断摸索

[2022·全国甲卷] Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests.

17

down(向下)+turn(转变)→downturn 下降，衰退

[2022·浙江1月卷] The downturn hit the real estate(房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager.

18

go(去)+get(获得)+er→go-getter积极进取的人,实干家

[2022·浙江6月卷] The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter.

19

frost(严寒天气)+bite(咬)→frostbite冻伤，冻疮

[2022·北京卷] He was treated for frostbite on his hands.

20

draw(拉)+back(向后)→扯后腿的事物→ drawback 缺点，不利条件

[2021·天津3月卷] The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.

21

stand(站)+point(地点)→standpoint 立场，观点

[2020·全国III春] From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well.

22

cure(治愈)+all(一切)→cure-all 万灵药, 灵丹妙药

[2020·浙江卷] For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways.



学会了吗？