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Trump Signs Order Linking College 'Free Speech' to Federal Aid

特朗普签署行政令 将大学**与联邦补助挂勾

U.S. President Donald Trump has approved an order linking "free speech" efforts at colleges and universities in the United States to federal money.

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普批准了一项将美国高校的**与联邦资金挂勾的行政令。

Trump signed the executive order last Thursday at the White House. The measuredirectspublic universitiestocreate and enforce protections for students to express themselves freely.

上周四，特朗普在白宫签署了这项行政令。此举要求公立大学制定并实施保护措施，让学生可以自由地表达自我。

Under the order, schools have to promise to support the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which protects free speech rights. But legal experts have noted that education institutions receiving federal money are already required to do this.

依据这一行政令，学校必须承诺支持旨在保护**权的美国宪法第一修正案。但是法律专家指出，接受联邦资金的教育机构本来就要遵守这一规定。

Private U.S. universities have more flexibility in limiting speech at their schools. The new executive order requires them to set up their own rules for free speech.

美国私立大学在限制校园言论方面拥有更多灵活性。新行政令要求他们自行制定**规定。

The measure requires colleges to support a right protected under the constitutionin order toreceive federal research and educational money. U.S. colleges and universities receive billions of dollars in federal money each year, including more than $30 billion for research.

这一举措要求大学支持宪法保护的权利，以便获得联邦研究和教育资金。美国高校每年能获得数十亿美元联邦资金，包括超过300亿美元的研究资金。

"Even as universities have received billions and billions of dollars from taxpayers, many have become increasingly hostile to free speech and to the First Amendment," Trump said during a signing ceremony. "These universities have tried to restrict free thought, impose total conformity and shut down the voices of great young Americans."

特朗普在签字仪式上表示，“即使大学获得了数十亿美元的纳税人税金，许多大学却变得越来越敌视自由言论和宪法第一修正案。这些大学试图限制自由思想、强制实行完全的服从、阻挡伟大的美国年轻人的声音。”

Trump administration officials have suggested that, in the past, some students have violated the rights of people visiting colleges to speak. The officials claimed that individuals with conservative values have been unfairly targeted.

特朗普政府官员认为，过去，有些学生侵犯了到访大学发表讲话者的权利。官员认为，持保守派价值观的人士受到了不公平对待。

Trump announced his plans for his 'free speech' order earlier this month during a speech at the Conservative Political Action Conference in Washington. At the event, Trump spoke about the case of activist Hayden Williams. Williams was hit during a visit to the University of California, Berkeley, in February. He went to the university to sign up students for a conservative group.

本月早些时候，特朗普在华盛顿举行的保守派政治行动大会发表讲话，并宣布了签署“**”行政令的计划。特朗普在讲话中谈到了活动人士海登·威廉姆斯的案件。威廉姆斯在今年2月访问加州大学伯克利分校时遭到殴打。他前往该大学的目的是为一个保守派组织招募学生。

Enforcement of the executive order will be left to federal agencies that award federal money. White House officials did not announce details about how schools will be monitored and what kinds of violations could lead to a loss in federal aid.

这项行政令的执行将交由分配联邦资金的联邦机构决定。白宫官员并没有公布详细信息，比如如何监督学校以及哪种违规行为会导致联邦补助损失等。

Many colleges had alreadyspoken out againstthe need for such an order before Trump signed it, and there was more criticism after the signing ceremony.

在特朗普签署行政令之前，许多大学就已经公开表示反对，他们认为这个行政令没有必要，而在签字仪式之后，出现了更多批评之声。

Janet Napolitano, president of the University of California system, denied there is a problem with free speech at U.S. colleges and universities. In fact, she said many schools are "ground zero" for the free exchange of ideas.

加州大学校长珍妮特·纳波利塔诺否认美国高校的**存在问题。她说，事实上，许多大学是自由交换意见的“归零地”。

"We do not need the federal government to mandate what already exists: our longstanding, unequivocal support for freedom of expression," Napolitano said.

纳波利塔诺表示，“我们不需要联邦政府来执行已经存在的事情：我们一直毫无保留地支持**。”

The American Association of State Colleges and Universities said in a statement that public schools already fully support free expression. The group added that the president's order "does not — and cannot — add to or subtract from our pre-existing obligations under the Constitution."

美国州立学院与大学协会在声明中表示，公立学校已经为**提供了全力支持。该协会还说，总统的行政令“没有也不能增加或减少宪法规定的先前义务。”

The American Council on Education, which represents more than 1,700 college presidents, called the order "a solutioninsearch ofa problem."

代表1700余名大学校长的美国教育委员会称这项行政令是“寻找问题的解决方法”。

Some U.S. student groups have called for restrictions on speech that is considered hateful or could incite violence. In a study published last year, a majority of American college students said they valued diversity more than protecting free speech.

一些美国学生组织要求对被视为仇恨言论或可能煽动暴力的言论进行限制。去年公布的一项研究表明，大多数美国大学生认为，与保护**相比，他们更看重多样性。

The study involved over 3,000 students across the country. They were asked how much they valued diversity and free speech. One question was: "If you had to choose, which do you think is more important?" About 53 percent of the students chose "a diverse and inclusive society" over "protecting free speech rights."

这项研究对全美3000余名学生进行了调查。受访者被问及有多重视多样性和**。其中一个问题是：“如果你必须做出选择，你认为哪个更重要？”约53%的学生选择“多样且包容的社会”，而不是“保护**权”。

I'm Bryan Lynn.

布莱恩·林恩报道。