独立主格结构

独立主格，首先它是一个“格”，而不是一个“句子”，在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。

一、动词独立主格结构

A．逻辑主语+名词

Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.

十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。（the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being）

注意：

独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在“There being + 名词”结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。

There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。

It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。

B．逻辑主语+形容词

He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.

他睡眼惺忪地转向我。（his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being）

= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.

He stood there, his mouth wide open.

他站在那里，嘴张得大大的。（his mouth和wide open之间省去了being）

= He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.

C．逻辑主语+副词

School over, we all went home.

放学了，我们都回家了。（school和over之间省去了being）

= School was over, and we all went home.

He sat at his desk, his shoes off.

他坐在课桌旁，没穿鞋子。（his shoes和off之间省去了being）

= He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.

D．逻辑主语+介词短语

He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.

他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。

= He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.

The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.

新老师面带微笑走了进来。

= The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.

The teacher came into the classroom，a rule in his hand.

老师走进教室，手里拿着一把直尺。

= The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.

提示：

在“逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构里，如果名词用单数，可以不用冠词，同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。

The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.

音乐老师站在门口,手里拿着一把小提琴。（= The music teacher stood at the door, a violin in his hand.）