略谈“not”用法种种

我们都知道not是一个否定副词,但在具体语言环境中并非一律译成"不"。在此将not常见的用法做以归纳,以供大家参考。

　　1. not通常与be动词、助动词、情态动词连用以构成否定,常略作-n't。如果否定非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词),则置于非谓语动词之前。如:

　　They are not (aren't) here.

　　Did she see him? No, she didn't.

　　He warned me not to be late.

　　Not allowed to work, he got very

　　angry.

　　2. not用在动词think、suppose、believe、expect、hope、seem等,副词probably、perhaps等,及词组be afraid等后面,代替that引导的表示否定意义的从句。如:

　　-Will they come tomorrow?

　　-I suppose not.(=I suppose they will not come tomorrow.)

　　-Will it rain this afternoon?

　　-Probably not.(=Probably it will not rain.)

　　-May I come in?

　　-I'm afraid not. (=I'm afraid you can't.)

　　注:如果是肯定回答,则一般用so代替that引导的表示肯定意义的从句。

　　3. not与all、both、every、always、entirely等连用时可表示部分否定。如:

　　All is not gold that glitters. 闪光的未必都是金子。

　　Every person cannot do it. 并非每一个人都能做到这一点。

　　He is not always so kind to people.他并非总对人那么友好。

　　注:表示全部否定时,常用none、no、neither、never、 nowhere等,或者not与any、anything等连用也可表示全部否定,另外all、both、every等和带in-,un-,dis-等否定前缀的词连用时,也表示全部否定。如:

　　I know none of them. 他们中我一个人也不认识。

　　I don't know any of them. 我不认识他们中任何一个人。

　　All your answers are incorrect. 你的答案都不对。

　　4. 在主从复合句中,not一般根据需要对主句或从句进行否定。如:

　　He didn't say he would come. 他没说他要来。

　　He said he wouldn't come. 他说他不来了。

　　但表示看法的常用动词think、believe、suppose等后接宾语从句,或表示感觉的词语appear、seem、feel、feel like、look as if、sound like等后接从句时,这些从句如表示否定意义,一般将not放在主句中,这是英语的习惯用法。如:

　　I don't suppose that she will be back soon. 我想她不会很快回来。

　　It doesn't seem that we can win. 看来我们赢不了。

　　It doesn't look like rain. 看来不会下雨。

　　I don't feel I can stand it any longer. 我觉得再也受不了了。

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