四级中的特殊结构也是常考的句型,以下为几种主要的特殊结构:
1.the more...the more…
“the more..., the more...”句型常表示“越……就越……”,是一个复合句,其中前面的句子是状语从句,后面的句子是主句。the用在形容词或副词的比较级前,more代表形容词或副词的比较级。例如:
The more he gets, the more he wants. 他越来越贪。
The more she learns, the more she wants to learn. 她越学越想学。
注意:“the more..., the more...”句型,主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。
2.情态动词
A.情态动词的语法特征
情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
情态动词,除ought和have 外,后面只能接不带to的不定式。
情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加s。
情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词等形式。
B.情态动词+ have +过去分词
may(might) have + done sth,can (could) have + done sth表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情
must have +done sth.,对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测,语气较强,具有“肯定”的意思。
ought to have done sth.和should have done sth.,表示本应该做某事,而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
ought to在语气上比should 要强。
needn’t have done sth 本没必要做某事
would like to have done sth 本打算做某事
真题练习
T1. 【2006.6】
The more you explain, __________ (我愈糊涂).
T2. 【2009.12】
The more exercise you take, _______________ (你越不大可能感冒).
T3. 【2006.6】
Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble __________ (找到去历史博物馆的路).
T4. 【2006.6】
Though a skilled worker, __________ (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.
T5. 【2006.12】
Some psychologists claim that people ____________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独).
T6. 【2008.6】
I can’t boot my computer now. Something __________ (一定出了毛病) with its operation system.
T7. 【2013.6】
So hardly_________________(他在车祸中受伤)that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year.
T8. 【2008.6】
__________ (直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill.
T1. the more confused I am
T2.the fewer chances you will have of catching a cold/the less likely you are to catch a cold
T3.(in) finding the way to the history museum
T4.He was fired/dismissed/discharged by the company
T5.may feel lonely when they are away from home/may feel lonely when away from home
T6.must be out of order/must have gone wrong
T7.had he been injured in the traffic accident
T8.Not until he had accomplished/completed/finished the mission
正确: 个 正确率:
失分分析
T1.本题考查the more … the more句式。
T2.同上。
T3.本题考查结构have trouble (in) doing sth。
T4.本题考查被动语态。
T5.本题考查情态动词表示可能的推测。
T6.本题考查情态动词表示肯定的推测。
T7.本题考查部分倒装结构。So hardly这种副词结构放在句首表强调,后面引导的句子主谓要部分倒装,因此had提到主语he之前;同时根据that主句的时态可以推断前面句子为过去完成时被动态。因此为had been done。
T8. 本题考查not until引导的倒装用法。Not until置于句首时,主句要倒装。“完成使命”发生在过去的过去,要用过去完成时。
必背考点
请反复朗读下列知识点
1.倒装句分部分倒装和全倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。
I have never seen such a performance.
The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep.
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:
here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell.
表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here he comes. Away they went.
only在句首要倒装的情况
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前
注意,句首名词不能带任何冠词;句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
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