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【练习】带你读透英语四级真题:完形填空之句法关系

发布者: Candy_hao | 发布时间: 2016-9-20 11:52| 查看数: 2340| 评论数: 0|帖子模式

知识梳理



大学英语四级考试完形填空常考的语法项目有:动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、定语从句、宾语从句、虚拟语气、倒装结构等。在近几年的考试中对各种从句的考查频率较多。做这一类题要有系统准确的语法知识之外,还要注意上下文的逻辑关系和语篇内容,这样才能确保答案的正确。



1.表示原因的连词

because, since, as, now that



2.表示结果的连词

so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result



3.表示让步和转折的连词

however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever



4.表示对照的连词

on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely



5.表示补充的连词

also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what's more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also…



6.表示时间顺序的连词

when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once



7.表示目的的连词

that, so that, in order to, lest, for fear that



8.表示条件的连词

if, suppose, unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that)



真题练习

【2004年6月】

Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America. It's the one61___the teacher standing in the schoolroom door62 ___ goodbye to students for the summer and calling 63 ___ them, “By the way, we won World War II.”



The problem with the joke, of course, is that it's 64 ___ funny. The recent surveys on 65 ___ illiteracy (无知) are beginning to numb(令人震惊): nearly one third of American 17-year-olds cannot even 66 ___ which countries the United States 67 ___ against in that war. One third have no 68 ___ when the Declaration of Independence was 69 ___ . One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750. Two thirds cannot correctly 70 ___ the Civil War between 1850 and 1900. 71 ___ when they get the answers right, some are 72 ___ guessing.



Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be 73 ___ connected to loss of international 74 ___ . But it does affect our future 75 ___ a democratic nation and as individuals. The 76 ___ news is that there is growing agreement 77 ___ what is wrong with the 78 ___ of history and what needs to be 79 ___ to fix it. The steps are tentative (尝试性的) 80 ___ yet to be felt in most classrooms.



61. A. aboutB. inC. forD. by

62. A. shakingB. wavingC. noddingD. speaking

63. A. inB. afterC. forD. up

64. A. rarelyB. soC. tooD. not

65. A. historicalB. educationalC. culturalD. political

66. A. distinguishB. acknowledgeC. identifyD. convey

67. A. defeatedB. attackedC. foughtD. struck



68. A. senseB. doubtC. reasonD. idea

69. A. printedB. signedC. markedD. edited

70. A. placeB. judgeC. getD. lock

71. A. EvenB. ThoughC. ThusD. So

72. A. hardlyB. justC. stillD. ever

73. A. exclusivelyB. practicallyC. shortlyD. directly

74. A. competitivenessB. comprehensionC. communityD. commitment



75. A. ofB. forC. withD. as

76. A. fineB. niceC. surprisingD. good

77. A. toB. withC. onD. of

78. A. consultingB. coachingC. teachingD. instructing

79. A. done B. dealtC. metD. reached

80. A. thereforeB. orC. andD. as

61.A62. B63.B64.D65.A66.C67.C68.D69.B70.A71. A72.B73. D 74. A75.D76. D77.C78. C79. A80.C

正确:___个 正确率:___

失分分析

句子之间的关系连接,在每次考试中都有涉及,一般会出现1~3道题。上面的真题中,请注意第71、75、80题。



第61题,引出内容的介词是about,故选A。

第62题,老师站在校门口对学生挥别,所以,此处选waving(挥手),而不能选shaking(握手)或nodding(点头),speaking后面一般不接宾语。

第63题,call in来访,call after追喊,call for号召、提倡,call up提出、召唤。

第64题,现在的美国年轻人对于本国的历史十分无知。由此推断,这个笑话是一点儿也不好笑的。因此,选D。



第65题,文章以历史学家讲的一个笑话开头,这里的调查则应该是针对历史的无知程度展开的。故选A。



第66题,distinguish区分、辨认,acknowledge承认,identify确认、认出,convey传达,根据意思,这里应选择C。

第67题,定语从句which countries the United States 67 against in that war中充当谓语,四个选项中,不难得出,fought against这个固定搭配表示“与……战斗”是正确答案。

第68题,have no idea about对……一无所知,其中的about省略。

第69题,原文意为:“三分之一的人对于《独立宣言》是何时签署的一无所知。”因此,答案为signed(签署)。

第70题,“三分之二的人不能正确评价内战”。选项中,只有judge具有“评价”的意思。



第71题,从此句后半部分可以推出,四个选项中最符合逻辑的是A,表示递进关系。

第72题,just表示“仅仅、只是”,表达的是被调查者猜题时的不重视心态。

第73题,“忽视历史不像忽视数学或科学那样与国际的损失相关。”之所以容易忽视历史,是因为历史的重要性并不如数学或科学那么明显,它的作用是间接的。四个选项exclusively专门地,practically实际上地,shortly短暂地,directly直接地,其中,directly符合题意。

第74题, international community国际社区,是近年来广泛提倡的概念。

第75题,本句后半部分出现了as,与之并列,这里也选D。

第76题,由后文“达成一致”可得知,这里的消息应是“好消息”。故选D。



第77题,“在……上达成一致”,介词用on。

第78题,文中提到关于历史知识的调查是在青少年中进行的,由此可知,他们对历史几乎处于无知状态的原因是与历史教学分不开的。到底历史教学出了什么问题呢?这里选teaching。

第79题,表示“应该做些什么”用what needs to be done。因此选A。

第80题,原文“虽然这些措施是尝试性的,但还是要在大多数课堂上实施。”表示“还是”只有选项B。



应考策略

篇章连接词(以下简称连接词)是指在文章中用来说明上下句或前后句两个意思之间关系的词或词组。在阅读过程中,倘若能够利用这些连接词,快速理清文章的思路,就能在一定程度上提高答题的准确率。常见的连接词通常可以用来表示以下几种关系:平行或递进关系;转折关系;目的或因果关系;层次、顺序关系例举关系;解释说明关系;概括、总结关系。



1.表示平行或递进关系的连接词有:

and, also, as well (as), at the same time, besides, both...and..., furthermore, in addition (to), likewise, moreover, similarly, worse still等。



2.表示转折关系的连接词有:

although but ,however nevertheless, on the contrary, otherwise, to the opposite, while, yet等。



3.表示目的或因果关系的连接词有:

as, as a result, because (of), consequently, due to, for, now that, since, so, so...that..., such...that..., therefore, thus等。



4.表示层次、顺序关系的连接词有:

After (that), another, before, first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), at last, finally, later on, next, then, on the one hand.., on the other hand等。



5.表示例举关系的连接词通常有:

for example, for instance, for one thing, for another, such as等。



6.表示解释说明关系的连接词通常有:

in other words, that is等。



7.表示归纳、总结的连接词通常有:

as a result, briefly, in a word, in brief, in short, on the whole, to sum up等。

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