刚刚,瑞典文学院决定将2025年诺贝尔文学奖(Nobel Prize in Literature 2025)授予匈牙利小说家、编剧拉斯洛·卡撒兹纳霍凯(László Krasznahorkai),以表彰在启示录意象的恐怖风格方面,他令人信服且富有远见的作品再次证明了艺术的力量(for his compelling and visionary oeuvre that, in the midst of apocalyptic terror, reaffirms the power of art)。

今年还有哪些人获得了诺贝尔奖?
Nobel Prize in Physics 2025
2025年诺贝尔物理学奖
获奖人



John Clarke(约翰·克拉克)
Michel H. Devoret(麦克·H·德沃雷特)
John M. Martinis(约翰·M·马蒂尼)
获奖理由

for the discovery of macroscopic (宏观的) quantum mechanical tunnelling and energy quantisation (量子化) in an electric circuit
因发现电路中的宏观量子力学隧穿效应及能量量子化
tunnel v 隧(道贯)穿
Their experiments on a chip revealed quantum physics in action
他们在芯片上的实验揭示了量子物理学的作用。
reveal v 揭示
A major question in physics is the maximum size of a system that can demonstrate quantum mechanical effects. This year’s Nobel Prize laureates conducted experiments with an electrical circuit in which they demonstrated both quantum mechanical tunnelling and quantised (量子化) energy levels in a system big enough to be held in the hand.
物理学中的一个主要问题是:一个系统表现出量子效应的最大规模是多少?今年的诺贝尔物理学奖得主利用一个可握于掌心的系统,同时观测到了宏观量子隧穿与量子化的能级。
laureate n 获奖者
This year’s Nobel Prize in Physics has provided opportunities for developing the next generation of quantum technology, including quantum cryptography (密码学), quantum computers, and quantum sensors.
本届诺贝尔物理学奖也为下一代量子技术——量子密码、量子计算机与量子传感器——带来了机遇。
sensor n 传感器
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2025
2025 年诺贝尔化学奖
获奖人



Susumu Kitagawa(北川进)
Richard Robson(理查德·罗布森 )
Omar M. Yaghi(奥马尔·M·亚吉)
获奖理由

for the development of metal-organic frameworks
表彰其在金属有机骨架化合物开发领域的贡献
Their molecular (分子的) architecture contains rooms for chemistry
它们的分子结构包含了进行化学反应的空间。
The Nobel Prize laureates in chemistry 2025 have created molecular constructions with large spaces through which gases and other chemicals can flow. These constructions, metal–organic frameworks, can be used to harvest water from desert air, capture carbon dioxide, store toxic gases or catalyse (催化) chemical reactions.
2025 年诺贝尔化学奖得主构建出带有巨大空腔的分子结构,气体和其他化学物质可在其中流动。这些结构可用于从沙漠空气中汲水、捕获二氧化碳、储存有毒气体或催化化学反应。
harvest v 采集
store v 贮存
Through the development of metal–organic frameworks, the laureates have provided chemists with new opportunities for solving some of the challenges we face.
凭借金属有机框架的发展,获奖者为化学家提供了解决我们面临的挑战的新机会。
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025
2025 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
获奖人



Mary E. Brunkow(玛丽·E·布伦科 )
Fred Ramsdell(弗雷德·拉姆斯德尔)
Shimon Sakaguchi(坂口志文 )
获奖理由

for their discoveries concerning peripheral (外围的) immune tolerance
表彰其在外周免疫耐受机制方面的发现
concern v 涉及
tolerance n 忍受性
They understood how the immune system is kept in check
他们弄明白了免疫系统是如何“收手”的。
understand v 推断出
keep sth/sb in check 控制某物/某人
The body’s powerful immune system must be regulated, or it may attack our own organs. Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi made groundbreaking discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance that prevents the immune system from harming the body. Their discoveries have laid the foundation for a new field of research and spurred the development of new treatments, for example for cancer and autoimmune diseases.
人体强大的免疫系统必须受到调控,否则就会攻击自身器官。玛丽·E·布伦科、弗雷德·拉姆斯德尔与坂口志文在外周免疫耐受机制上的开创性发现,阻止了免疫系统伤及自身。他们的成果不仅为一个新的研究领域奠定了基础,也推动了癌症与自身免疫病等新疗法的诞生。
groundbreaking adj 开创性的
lay the foundation for 为……打下基础
spur v 促进
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