Disruptions in U.S. corn sales to China are likely to continue as farmers this spring plant seeds containing genetics the Asian nation has yet to approve, according to a U.S. grain-industry group.

美国一家谷物产业组织称，随着美国农民今春播下含有未经中国许可的转基因成份的玉米种子，两国的玉米贸易还将继续中断下去。

Difficulties controlling grain as it's shipped around the U.S. and the potential for pollen to drift on the wind make it 'unavoidable' that a new genetically modified corn variety will find its way to China, the National Grain and Feed Association said in a report prepared for members and reviewed by the WSJ.

《华尔街日报》(The Wall Street Journal)见到的一份美国谷物和饲料协会(National Grain and Feed Association, 简称NGFA)发给会员的报告称，谷物运输自全美各地因而难以管控，且花粉可能会随风传播 ，所以新的转基因玉米品种将“不可避免”地被运往中国。

China's tougher stance on imports of biotech corn have roiled U.S. agribusiness, largely halting trade with the fast-growing corn market, The Wall Street Journal reported earlier Friday, citing a separate study by the grain-and-feed group showing that exports are down 85% this year from a year earlier. That study also revealed China has rejected 1.45 million metric tons of U.S. corn since mid-November on the grounds they contained an unapproved variety developed by Swiss seed maker Syngenta AG.

据本报上周五早些时候报道，中国在转基因玉米进口方面日趋强硬的立场正给美国农业企业造成影响，已导致美国玉米对中国这一快速增长市场的出口基本中断，NGFA另一项研究显示今年美国对中国的玉米出口较上年同期下降了85%。该研究还显示，自去年11月中旬以来，中国已拒收美国玉米145万吨，理由是在其中发现一种瑞士种子生产商Syngenta AG研发的、未经许可的转基因玉米品种。

China's rejections of U.S. corn shipments have raised alarm bells among major grain trading companies, who fear being shut out of the critical export market. It also has put Syngenta on the defensive, just as the company this year began selling a new corn variety in the U.S. that also lacks China's approval.

中国对美国进口玉米的拒收已令一些大型谷物交易商感到警惕，后者担心自己会被逐出这个关键的出口市场。此事也使Syngenta受到指责，而该公司今年开始在美国销售一种新的、也未得到中国许可的转基因玉米种子。

The Asian country began denying U.S. grain last autumn after turning up a Syngenta variety called Viptera, which the company launched in 2011, and which was submitted in 2010 to Chinese regulators for approval.

拒收始自去年秋天，当时中国在美国进口玉米中发现一种名为Viptera的转基因玉米，该品种于2011年由Syngenta推出，2010年公司将该品种提交中国监管部门申请许可。

Analysts have speculated that China is using the genetically modified corn as a way to get out of deals to buy U.S. grain. Chinese officials have said the rejections are based on the presence of the unapproved corn.

分析人士怀疑，中国是在借转基因玉米来摆脱其与美国的谷物贸易。而中国官员表示拒收是因发现了未许可的玉米品种。

This year Syngenta began selling Duracade, a new form of corn engineered for stronger pest resistance. Syngenta sought China's approval for the corn last year but doesn't expect a ruling before next March.

今年Syngenta开始销售Duracade──一种新的、可更好抵抗虫害的转基因玉米品种。去年Syngenta向中国申请批准这一品种，但审核结果至少要等到明年3月以后才可能给出。

Syngenta has estimated the Duracade seeds will be planted on 250,000 to 300,000 acres this year, representing about 0.3% of total projected U.S. corn acreage. The company also set up a deal with Gavilon LLC, a Nebraska grain company that agreed to buy the corn from farmers after several rival grain merchants placed restrictions on purchases or refused to take it.

Syngenta曾经预计，Duracade种子今年种植25万至30万英亩，约占全美玉米预估种植面积的0.3%。该公司还与内布拉斯加州谷物公司Gavilon LLC签订了一份协议，同意从农民手中收购这种玉米。此前一些对手粮食公司已经限制了采购，或是拒收这种玉米。

The grain and feed association, which represents major U.S. grain companies like Archer Daniels Midland Co. (ADM), Bunge Ltd. (BG) and Cargill Inc., still sees problems. The group earlier this year called on Syngenta to stop selling the varieties that have yet to secure approval in China. The group said in one of its reports reviewed by the WSJ that grain companies have lost $427 million since China began rejecting U.S. corn cargoes in mid-November. Now a debate is brewing in the U.S. agricultural industry over who should bear responsibility for the losses.

不过，在代表着Archer Daniels Midland Co. (ADM)、Bunge Ltd. (BG)、嘉吉公司(Cargill Inc.)等大型粮企的美国谷物和饲料协会看来，Syngenta的做法仍然有问题。今年早些时候，该协会敦促Syngenta暂停出售尚未在中国获批的品种。《华尔街日报》所见到的一份该协会的报告称，自从去年11月中旬中国开始抵制美国玉米以来，美国的粮企已经损失了4.27亿美元。现在，一场有关谁应为损失承担责任的大讨论正在美国农业领域发酵。

Syngenta has rejected calls to stop selling seeds to U.S. farmers that haven't been approved by China. The company declines to say if the seed companies should bear financial responsibility for rejected shipments.

Syngenta拒绝了让它不要再将未获中国批准的种子卖给美国农民的呼声。至于种子公司应不应该为被拒货物承担经济责任，该公司对此不予评论。

In the report on Syngenta's Duracade, Max Fisher, director of economics for the grain-and-feed group, predicts the presence of the corn will continue to weigh on U.S. corn exports to China, and will pressure the price of corn and related commodities. That would also impact farmers as they sell their grain, he wrote in the report.

美国谷物和饲料协会经济研究主管Max Fisher在有关Duracade的报告中预计，这种玉米的存在将继续打击美国对中国的玉米出口，而且将会对玉米以及相关大宗商品的价格构成压力；与此同时，其影响还会波及出售粮食的农民。

Representatives of grain traders, seed companies and farmers are discussing how the U.S. agricultural industry can better align practices so as to avoid future trade disruptions over unapproved plant genetics.

谷物交易商、种子公司以及农民的代表们正在探讨美国农业应该怎样更好地制定联合对策，以避免未来再出现未获批准的基因作物扰乱贸易的情况。

Liability for losses arising from the sale of seeds that haven't yet earned approval in major export markets is among the topics being discussed, officials say. The North American Export Grain Association, which represents big grain companies, has called on seed makers to 'commit to fully bear the risks and liabilities associated with any commercialization or launch' of new biotech seeds.

官员们说，销售主要出口市场尚未批准的种子，其代价应由谁来承担，这是一个热点话题。代表大型粮企的北美谷物出口协会(North American Export Grain Association)呼吁种子公司作出承诺，由他们完全承担生物技术新品种的商业化或启动所带来的风险和责任。

Cathleen Enright, head of food and agriculture for the Biotechnology Industry Organization, which represents seed companies, said: 'Our supply-chain conversations are really moving beyond the notion of an automatic single point of responsibility with regard to trade disruptions.'

代表种子公司的生物技术工业组织(Biotechnology Industry Organization)食品及农业主管恩莱特(Cathleen Enright)说，当前的供应链讨论确实已超越了贸易中断和责任自动挂钩的范畴。