参考译文

污染就是我们为这个人口过密、过度工业化的星球所付出的代价。当我们开始考虑垃圾问题时，我们只有4种对付垃圾的方法：倾倒、焚烧、把垃圾变成再生材料或试图少产生一些垃圾。我们一直在试这4种方式，但是，我们在世界范围内仅产生的垃圾的量就有把我们覆盖的危险。

然而，垃圾只是我们这个星球的污染问题的一个方面。日益增长的对廉价食物的需求导致了另一种形式的污染。工业化的农作方式生产出了廉价的肉类制品——牛肉、猪肉和鸡肉。使用杀虫剂和化肥生产出了廉价的谷物和蔬菜。为了廉价食物我们付出的代价已经太高了：牛肉中的疯牛病，鸡肉和鸡蛋中的沙门氏菌，奶制品中的利斯特杆菌。如果你想放弃肉类而变成一位素食者，那么你可以两者择一：或是选用价格昂贵、有机培植的蔬菜，或是当你认为在享用新鲜色拉和新鲜蔬菜或饮用一杯无害的水的时候，实际上每次都不断吃进杀虫剂。

但是，还有一种更加隐蔽有害的污染，它专门影响城镇地区，侵袭我们的日常生活，那就是噪音。防盗警报器在白天和黑夜的任何时候都会响起来，它的作用只是骚扰过路行人，而实际上却帮助窃贼入室行窃。在街上，汽车的防盗警报不断对我们吼叫，这是人们极度烦躁的一个原因。最近一个有关噪音的作用的调查（令人吃惊地）指出，夜间连续不断的狗叫声，在一个从1级至7级的刻度表上应列为最严重的噪音污染。这个调查揭示了我们所不喜欢的大量的噪音的来源：夏天呜呜作响的割草机，公寓楼里深夜聚会的喧哗声，大声吵闹的邻居，各式各样的车辆，特别是穿越寂静的村庄的集装箱卡车，从头顶飞过的飞机和直升机，被带到公共场所、音量开到最大的大功率收音机。新技术也为噪音作出了它的贡献。许多人都反对移动式电话，特别是在如饭店、公共交通车等公共场所使用移动电话。用移动电话大声交谈干扰我们的思路，破坏我们和朋友在一起轻声聊天所得到的乐趣。这个有关噪声污染的调查还揭示了一种出人意外而同时可能会引人发笑的老式噪音源。它竟然是鼾声。人类是这方面的罪魁祸首。调查指出，20％的35岁左右的男人打鼾；而到60岁这个年龄段，这个数字上升到令人惊愕的60％。与这些数字相比，只有5％的女性经常打鼾，而其余的则经常被与她们同睡、像吹号似地打着呼噜的男人吵醒或弄得睡不着。不管噪声来自何方，有一点是肯定的：看来寂静已变成一种珍贵的回忆。

Comprehension

理解

Give short answers to these questions in your own words as far as possible. Use one complete sentence for each answer.

1What is meant by the clause‘the sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us’?

2What do farmers do to produce meat products cheaply?

3Why wouldn't you necessarily avoid pollution if you became a vegetarian?

Vocabulary词汇

Explain the meanings of the following words and phrases as they are used in the passage: dump(1. 3); sheer volume(1. 5); rubbish(1. 5); leads to(1. 8); dairy(1. 11);abandon (1. 11); organically-grown(1. 12);

Summary writing摘要写作

In not more than 80 words give an account of noise pollution. Do not include anything that is not in the last paragraph.

Composition作文

Write a Composition in about 300 words on one of the following:

a‘You are what you eat. ’ What do you think this means and how does it apply to you or the people you know?

bWrite about any serious pollution problems in this country.

Letter writing书信写作

In not more than 100 words write a letter which you would very much like to receive.

Key structure and Special difficulties关键句型和难点

Rewrite the following sentence without changing the meaning. Then refer to 11. 15-16.

Noise is an even more insidious kind of pollution which affects urban areas and invades our daily lives. There is…

Multiple choice questions

多项选择题

Choose the correct answers to the following questions.

Comprehension 理解

1- the sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide ______ .

a．is heaped up like a great mountain

b．is spread over the world like a blanket

c．is already beyond our control

d．is like a tide that will rise and drown us

2The root cause of pollution in agriculture is ______ .

a．the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers

b．the twin pressures to produce more food and at lower cost

c．the conflict between good hygiene and cheap meat production

d．the unrealistic price of organically-grown vegetables

3For most people, the most distressing form of noise pollution is ______ .

a．dogs barking all night

b．people using mobile phones

c．heavy trucks in quiet villages

d．noisy neighbours having parties

4Snoring causes a severe noise problem for ______ .

a．young males in particular

b．a majority of middle-aged men

c．women of all ages

d．young women especially

Structure 结构

5- there are only four ways ______ rubbish. (11. 2-3)

a．of dealing with

b．which to deal with

c．can be dealt with

d．to be dealing with

6We keep trying ______ methods. (1. 5)

a．these all four

b．of these all four

c．all of these four

d．all these of four

7Burglar alarms ______ at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy. (11. 16-17)

a．that go off

b．that are going off

c．go off

d．which going off

8A recent survey revealed that ______ dogs barking incessantly in the night that we dislike most. (11. 18-19)

a．it is

b．is

c．there be

d．there are

Vocabulary 词汇

9New technology has also ______ in noise pollution. (1. 23)

a．done its bit

b．done a share

c．played a role

d．given its all

10A lot of people ______ to mobile phones, especially in public places. (1. 24)

a．except

b．offend

c．take exception

d．take offence

11The noise pollution survey ______ a rather surprising source of noise. (11. 26-27)

a．brought to light

b．gave birth to

c．came to be

d．took the lid off

12______ these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore. (1. 29)

a．Comparing with

b．By comparison with

c．In comparing

d．In comparing with