一年一度的慕尼黑安全会议本周在德国召开。在今年的会议报告中，出现了几个在外交场合不是很常见的词：Wrecking-ball politics，bulldozer politics和chainsaw politics。

在这份报告的摘要中，三个词都有提到：

The result is a new climate in which those who employ bulldozers, wrecking balls, and chainsaws are often cautiously admired if not openly celebrated.

结果是形成了一种新的氛围：那些开着推土机、挥舞铁球和电锯的人，即便没有被公开称赞，往往也会被谨慎地赞赏。



其中传播最广的当属“wrecking-ball politics”，在整本报告中出现14次，比另外两个词加起来还多。为探究这个词的意义和用法，记者在今年的慕尼黑安全会议现场请教了来参会的崔洪建教授，他目前任职北京外国语大学欧盟与区域发展研究中心主任，长期关注欧盟对外政策、治理结构等热点话题。

据崔教授考证，wrecking ball原意是土木工程中用来拆除旧建筑的大铁球。这个词从专业领域走入公共视野是在2013年，美国歌手麦莉·赛勒斯（Miley Cyrus）以一首《Wrecking ball》火遍欧美，上线24小时点击播放接近两千万次。在该歌曲的MV中，麦莉坐在一个巨大的拆楼铁球上随之摇摆，成为当年最有记忆的画面之一，该单曲也由此登上美国Billboard Hot 100榜首。

According to Professor Cui's research, the term "wrecking ball" originally refers to the large iron ball used in civil engineering to demolish old buildings. It entered the broader public consciousness in 2013, when American singer Miley Cyrus became a sensation across the Western world with her hit song Wrecking Ball, which attracted nearly 20 million views within 24 hours of its release. In the music video, Cyrus swings atop a massive wrecking ball, a striking image that became one of the most unforgettable visuals of the year. The single subsequently climbed to top on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart.



这个画面感满满的概念进入国际安全报告，与过去一年动荡的全球安全环境有关系。美国特朗普政府先是挑起全球关税战，到年底又强掳委内瑞拉总统马杜罗，还再次强索丹麦的格陵兰岛，特别是最后一条在崔教授看来严重挑战了欧洲的底线，也让欧洲感觉到了不安全。

崔教授表示： “在过去几十年里，欧洲遇到的对秩序的挑战基本都是来自于外部，而欧美的稳固联盟是其对秩序的一个基本保障。但当欧洲发现美国从秩序的建构者、维护者变成了破坏者，而且这种破坏者的角色还随着特朗普重返白宫变得永久化，他们的心理落差是可以预见的。”

"Since the end of World War II, challenges to the order in Europe have largely come from external sources, and the strong transatlantic alliance has shaped Europe's understanding of international order," Cui explained. But when Europe discovered that the US had become a disruptor rather than a builder or guardian of their long-trusted order, the psychological shock was predictable.

这也与wrecking ball的意象不谋而合。破坏欧洲长久依赖的秩序是有组织的强大力量，比零散的挑战更加难以应对。而三个词放在一起，其意义更是层层递进：

Wrecking ball侧重于从零开始的破坏，在原本稳固的秩序上打出缺口；

Bulldozer侧重于整个的毁灭，把被破坏出口子的秩序彻底拆毁，把曾经的高楼大厦夷为平地；

Chainsaw则侧重于长久的伤害，把房子里的木料门窗都给破坏掉，让被破坏的秩序难以修复。

正是在感受到秩序被破坏的不安中，欧洲主导的慕尼黑安全会议出台了这份史无前例的报告，让wrecking ball这个工程领域的词走进了国际政治领域。旧秩序被破坏了，那么欧洲人新的秩序又在何方呢？

“连续几年的慕尼黑报告反映的都是一种比较失落的情绪，但是今年这两个词的情绪化比较明显，甚至在标题Under destruction里也能体现出来,”清华大学战略与安全研究中心高级研究员周波也在参加慕尼黑安全会议，他在会场间隙中表达了自己的看法。

周波教授表示：

“我想欧洲可以从更高的角度来看问题。涉及到今后的世界秩序，欧洲完全可以和中国呼应，共商共建，并给与比较可靠的联合国体系以更多的信任。世界秩序有点像大自然，有一定的自我恢复能力，但必须要大家共商共建，让这个国际秩序代表大多数人的意愿。”

Zhou Bo, a senior fellow at Tsinghua University's Center for International Security and Strategy, said, "The Munich reports over the past few years have reflected a sense of loss, but this year the emotional tone is particularly pronounced, even in the title Under Destruction. It is a very pessimistic judgment for Europe that when the American big brother no longer protects them, Europe must find its own path."

But Zhou believes Europe can take a broader view of the issue by closely coordinating with China, jointly discussing and building systems, and placing greater trust in a reliable United Nations framework. "The world order is somewhat like nature, with a capacity for self-restoration — but it requires joint consultation and construction to ensure it represents the will of the majority," he said.

记者：张周项

实习生：曹岷苒

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