例句-1:My wife and I had a tough time when we started our restaurant. In fact, it was touch and go for two years -- several times we were ready to go bankrupt. But now we're making money.
他们刚起步的两年几次都面临破产的危险。那是一种摇摇欲坠或者一触即发的形势,所以touch and go用来描绘那种危在旦夕的局面。
我们再学个习惯用语:hard and fast。这两个词都有几种不同的解释,但是在这里hard意思是严格的,而fast解释固定的。习惯用语hard and fast最初出现在1850年前后,用来描绘一艘搁浅的船或者在码头上待修的船,无论哪种情况这艘船反正是动弹不得、毫无回旋余地了。我们来听个例子:
例句-2:Sorry, we have a hard and fast rule in this shop. You can't pay here with a personal check -- we've had too many bad ones. So you have to pay cash or use a credit card.
我们要学的下一个习惯用语是: fast and loose。这里的fast和刚才意思不同。它解释仓促的,而 loose 在这儿的意思是放纵的。习惯用语fast and loose已经有四百来年的历史了,起源无从查考,可能来自骗乡下人的一种赌博游戏。一根绳带一端系根小棍子,绳带上穿着好几个小圆环,玩儿的人抛起绳带然后得用棍子接住圆环,让它们都套在棍子上。这很难成功,十之八九会落空。Fast and loose如今常用来描绘男女间反复无常、朝三暮四的爱情纠葛。我们听个例子。
例句-3:That man married this rich girl, then played fast and loose with her. After he spent her money he left her and now he's marrying another rich woman.
例句-4:I don't understand why he is so well-known. His lectures are so cut-and-dried that I have trouble staying awake -- he sounds like he's been giving the same speech for twenty years!