8. Repetition (反复)p179 如:
No great general ever arouse out of a nation of cowards; no great statesman or philosopher out of a nation of fools; no great artist out of a nation of materialists; no great dramatist except when the drama was the passion of the people.
懦夫之国从来产生不出伟大的将领;愚人之国从来产生不出伟大的政治家或哲学家;人人讲究物质的国度从来产生不出伟大的艺术家;除非戏剧为民众所酷爱,否则就产生不出伟大的剧作家。
9. Antithesis (对照)与 Parallelism (排比) p180 如:
A wise man thinks all that he says,a fool says all that he thinks.智者深思熟虑,愚者信口开河。
An optimist sees an opportunity in every calamity, a pessimist sees a calamity in every opportunity.乐观的人在灾难中看到希望,悲观的人在希望中看到灾难。
(1) Antithesis (对照)(2) Parallelism (排比)
Through the years I’ve written silly letters, serious letters, thoughtful letters, bland letters, poetic letters, chatty letters.这些年来我写的信件各式各样:傻里傻气的,一本正经的,深思熟虑的,平淡无奇的,诗情画意的,谈天说地的。
10. Climax(层递)与Anticlimax (突降)p181
(1) Climax(层递):层递与平行结构的不同之处在于三个或三个以上的结构在形式上虽然是并列的,但在语义上却层层深入,由浅入深,最后达到高潮。层递的顺序有可能是时间上由先到后,程度上由弱到强,也有可能是范围上由小到大。如:
The audience smiled, chuckled, and finally howled. 听众微笑,窃窃而笑最后捧腹大笑。
He gazed upon the pretty houses, the green hills and the broad Pacific; his heart was filled with awe.他凝视着美丽的房子,绿色的山岗,辽阔的太平洋;敬畏之情油然而生。
(2) Anticlimax (突降):突降与层递相反,采用由深到浅,层层递减的规律,令读者感到由庄严郑重到繁琐平庸的巨大反差,因而产生诙谐幽默的效果。如:
The explosion completely destroyed a church, two houses, and a flowerpot.
这起爆炸事故彻底毁坏了一个教堂,两所房屋和一个花盆。 |
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