独立主格结构

独立主格，首先它是一个“格”，而不是一个“句子”，在英语中任何一个句子都要有主谓结构，而在这个结构中，没有真正的主语和谓语动词，但又在逻辑上构成主谓或主表关系。

经典复习：

复习关键：如何学习写作出一个漂亮的独立主格的句子？

首先判断一个句子是否能改写成独立主格：

1句子有两套主谓宾，层次分明。

2两套主谓宾之间有逻辑关系（因果、条件、时间、方式等）

3想强调一套主干，而让另一套主干弱化。

判断至此，该句子能改写。

4.找到主干，写出。

5.找到弱化主干，写出。

6.判断弱化主干中主语和谓语的关系，如果是主动，又是现在，就用ing形式，如果是将来，用不定式to do。

7.去掉连词，be 动词，助动词等，把动词变为原型，加上ing或ed.

【精华】提升：不用写安全句，直接写独立主格

1、找出逻辑主语

2、看逻辑主语和非谓语动词的主动/被动关系

3、动词还原，加上ing或ed.

独立主格进阶精华：

动词还原，加上ing或ed.此为独立主格1.0 版

省掉being 为独立主格2.0版

省掉being加上with为独立主格3.0版

今日课堂：

五、独立主格结构的句法功能

独立主格结构在句中除了能充当原因状语、时间状语、条件状语和伴随状语外，还能作定语。在形式上，“独立主格结构”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗号与主句隔开。

A．作状语

独立主格结构作状语，其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。

1．表示时间

Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.

夜幕降临，我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。

（= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）

All the guests seated, they began their dinner.

所有的客人就坐后，他们才开始吃饭。

（= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.）

With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.

所需要的都买好后，格雷斯打的回家了。

（After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.）

2．表示原因

With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

有许多难题要解决，新当选的总统日子不好过。

（= As he has a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.）

There being no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.

由于在半夜没有交通工具了， 他只好步行回家。

(= As there was no means of transportation, he had to walk home at midnight.)

3．表示条件

Weather permitting, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.

如果天气允许的话，我们下星期将举行每年一次的运动会。

（= If weather permits，we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.）

All the work done, you can have a rest.

所有工作做好后，你可以休息。

（=As long as all the work is done, you can have a rest.）

Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical. 如果从各方面考虑，你的计划似乎更实际些。

（= If everything is taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more practical.）

提示：

表示时间、原因、条件的独立主格结构一般放在句首，并且不能保留连词。

【误】When class being over, the students left their classroom.

【正】Class (being) over, the students left their classroom. 下课了，学生都离开了教室。

【误】The moon appearing and they continued their way.

【正】The moon appearing, they continued their way. 月亮出来了，他们继续赶路。

4．表示伴随情况或补充说明

The strange man was walking down the street, with a stick in his hand.

那个奇怪的男人在街上走着,手里拿着根手杖。

（= The strange man was walking down the street, and he carried a stick in his hand.）

The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

杀人犯被带了进来，手被捆在背后。

（=The murderer was brought in, and his hands were tied behind his back.）

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.

有两百人在事故中丧生，其中许多是儿童。

（Two hundred people died in the accident and many of them were children.）

B．作定语

独立主格结构作定语，其功能相当于一个定语从句。

He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. (with 的复合结构作定语,修饰the student)

他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。

= He is the person who has a lot of questions to be settled.

You can use a large plastic bottle with its top cut off. (with 的复合结构作定语,修饰bottle)

你可以使用一个颈被砍掉的大塑料瓶。

= You can use a large plastic bottle whose top was cut off.

He was walking along the road without any street lights on its both sides.

他走在一条两边没有路灯的马路上。 (without的复合结构作定语,修饰the road )

= He was walking along the road that didn’t have any street lights on its both sides.

提示：

在这里我们讨论了很多用连词连接的两个句子改为独立主格结构的情况。需要提示的是，不是所有用连词的地方都可以改为独立主格结构。

If you stand on the top of the mountain，the park looks more beautiful.

如果你站在山顶上, 公园看上去更美。（不要改为独立主格结构）

If you check your test paper carefully, some mistakes can be avoided.

如果你仔细检查试卷的话，有些错误是可以避免的。（不要改为独立主格结构）