First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the main objective of early mountain climbers?
Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded．In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all．The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought,especially if it had never been attained before．It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement．They had a single aim, a solitary goal----the top!
It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers．Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular,Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains．Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine．Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could----sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers．Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable．For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed．
2equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, 他们的装备如此简陋，足以使现代登山者一想起来就胆战心惊。at the thought,一想到（他们的装备），英文中省略了 of me manner.
3go out of one's way,特地；不怕麻烦。
4cut off…from…,把……与……隔绝。
5such inns as there were, 那里有的小客栈,as there were用来修饰inns,作定语。
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using these words: route (1.1); regarded (1.2); summit (1.3); sought (1.3); faced (1.4); perilous (1.5); shudder (1.5); court (1.6);solitary (1.6); coarse (1.12); boasted (1.12); invariably (1.14).
Sentence structure句子结构
ACombine the following statements to make complete sentences．Add conjunctions of your own and omit the words or phrases in italics．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties．They often faced dangers of the most perilous nature．They were equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought．They did not go out of their way to court such excitement．(11.4-6)
2One or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix had rapidly become popular．Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements．They were cut off from civilization by high mountains．(11.8-10)
3Often a valley boasted no inn at all．Climbers found shelter wherever they could．They sometimes found .shelter with the local priest．(He was usually as poor as his parishioners.) They sometimes found shelter with shepherds or cheese-makers．(11.12-14)
BWrite three sentences saying why you like or dislike mountaineering.
Key structures
AStudy the form of these sentences:
The more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded．(11.1-2)
The quicker you work, the sooner you will finish.
Write sentences using the following words:
1The more ____ the less ____.
2The more ____ the worse ____.
3The sooner ____ the better ____.
BGive the correct form of the verbs in parentheses in the paragraph below．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded．In the pioneering days, however, this ____ (be) not the case at all．The early climbers ____ (look) for the easiest way to the top because the summit ____ (be) the prize they ____ (seek), especially if it ____ (never attain) before．It is true that during their explorations they often ____ (face) difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which ____ (make) a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they ____ (not go) out of their way to court such excitement．They ____ (have) a single aim, a solitary goal----the top! (11.1-7)
CNote the position of the word often in these sentences:
They often faced difficulties and dangers．(11.4-5)
The food (was) simply local cheese accompanied by bread (which was) often twelve months old．(11.11-12)
Often a valley boasted no inn at all．(1.12)
In the following sentences, the word often can be placed in two or more different positions．Indicate the correct positions in each sentence:
1I am in such a hurry, I don't have time for breakfast.
2We buy things we don't really need．
3He is sent abroad by his firm.
DCompare these two sentences:
It is hard for us to realize…how difficult it was… (1.8)
It is hard to realize how difficult it was.
Complete the following sentences:
1It was impossible for them ____.
2It is difficult ____.
3It is easy for you ____.
ENote the use of such in these two sentences:
They did not go out of their way to court such excitement．(1.6)
Such inns as there were were generally dirty．(11.10-11)
Write sentences using the following phrases:
such requests; such freedom; such difficulty; such films.
FNote the form of the verb in italics:
For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners… (1.15)
Complete the following using a verb after each phrase:
1I am used to ____.
2Do you object to my ____?
3I am looking forward to ____.
Special difficulties难点
AStudy the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1case (1.2)----situation
Do you know the date of the last recorded case of smallpox?
The waiter brought me the bill and I didn't have enough money．I'd never been in such a situation before.
2especially (11.3-4)----specially
I think you'll find this article especially interesting.
I've had this area specially designed as a herb garden.
3realize (1.8)----understand
I hope you realize that you're making a big mistake.
I don't think I understand the meaning of the sentence.
4except for (1.8)----except
Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.
You can have any of the cakes except this one.
5coarse (1.12)----course
He wore an old jacket made of coarse cloth.
In a French household, soup is generally the first course of the main meal of the day.
6home (1.16)----house
When I'm abroad, my thoughts are never far from home.
They live in a large house.
BExplain the meaning of the phrases in italics:
1They did not go out of their way to court such excitement．(1.6)
2Please ask him to get out of the way; I can't get past.
3We bought a beautiful out-of-the-way cottage, miles from anywhere.
4Please move that table．Can't you see it's in the way?
5I'll call in and see you on my way home from work.
6We must do this exercise in the way we have been taught.
Multiple choice questions多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension理解
1Modern climbers differ from their predecessors because they _____.
a．like to find the easiest way to the top of a mountain
b．like sport
c．prefer difficult climbs to easy ones
d．always follow a particular route
2It is probably true to say that modern climbers ____.
a．enjoy testing themselves on difficult climbs
b．avoid dangerous situations
c．are not as well equipped as earlier climbers
d．are only interested in getting to the top of a mountain
3The pioneers had a hard time because ____.
a．Zermatt and Chamonix had rapidly become popular
b．Alpine villages were primitive
c．the mountains were extremely high
d．there wasn't anything to eat
4It is probably true to say that early climbers _____.
a．had seven course dinners when they were climbing
b．didn't mind uncomfortable conditions
c．always found accommodation with the local priest
d．enjoyed a higher standard of living back home
Structure句型
5Earlier climbers liked summits _____ had never been climbed before．(11.2-4)
a．which
b．which they
c．that they
d．unless they
6____ single aim was getting to the top．(11.6-7)
a．They're
b．There
c．Their
d．Theirs
7_____ Zermatt and Chamonix, most places were unknown．(11.8-9)
a．Except
b．Unless
c．Without
d．Apart from
8_____ were generally dirty and flea-ridden．(11.10-11)
a．The few inns that existed
b．Inns like this
c．Such inns
d．Few inns
Vocabulary词汇
9In the pioneering days this was not the ______ at all．(1.2)
a．condition
b．situation
c．history
d．event
10They often faced difficulties of the most ____ nature．(11.4-5)
