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改错部分 Test 1 Directions: This part consists of one passage. In each passage there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change word, add a word or delete(删去) a word. If you change a word, cross it out and write correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.? Few football grounds boast a more prestigious ? address than the Bernabeu, lies as it does on the 1. ?____?? Castellana,the three?lining highway that runs through 2.____?? the heart of Madrid. ? As Real date back to 1902, when the Sociedad 3. ?____ ?? Madrid Football Club was formed, it was not until ? 1920 when the club was granted permission to use the 4. ____?? Real (royal) prefix. Work began on the current? stadium in October 1944. The land had been purchased? on three million pesetas; construction costs totalled a 5. ?____? further 38 million, a staggered sum for the time. The 6. ?____? cost of the new stadium led to claims, never proving, 7. ?_____?? that Real had received financial aid from General? Franco’s government. Under Bernabeu’s patronage,? Real Madrid became the greatest club side ever, won 8. ?____?? the European Champions Cup a record five times in a? row between 1956 and 1960, a remarkable feat that? is unlikely to be challenged. ? Madrid lies, quite literally, at the heart of? Spain.This is no small coincidence that the capital’s 9. ?____?? leading football club is seen like a symbol of all 10. ?____? things Spanish, just as FC Barcelona is a beacon for? the independent Catalan spirit. 答案部分 1.【参考答案】将lies改为lying。 ?【参考译文】 没有别的体育场位置能与伯纳贝乌体育场位置相媲美了，它位于卡斯特拉 纳，位于穿越马德里市中心这条高速公路的三叉路口。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析主句与分词状语关系的误用。 ?【详细解答】 lies as it does on the Castellana ，虽然主语应该是Bernabeu，但由 于前面Few football grounds boast a more prestigious address than the Bernabeu是 比较级的句子，而且比较对象很明确：是Few football grounds 与the Bernabeu，而lies 的误用，导致了句子结构的混乱。鉴于lies as it does…是对the B ernabeu的补充说明，故将lies改为lying，使之与后面的句子变成状语，就解决了问题。 ?2.【参考答案】将three?lining改为three?lined。 ?【参考译文】 译文同上句。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析分词作定语时的误用。 ?【详细解答】 three?lining与其修饰词highway的逻辑关系是被动的。而现在分词往往是与其修饰词的关系是主动的。因此，将three?lining改为three?lined。 ?3.【参考答案】将as改为Though。 ?【参考译文】 尽管皇家马德里队的历史可追溯到1902年索西达德马里足球俱乐部队成立 之时，但是直到1920年，俱乐部才被允许在其名字之前 冠以“皇家”二字。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析连接词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 Real date back to 1920与it was not until 1920 that the club was g ranted permission to use the Realprefix之间的逻辑关系应是转折关系，而as的误用导致了关系的混乱。改为表示转折的Though/Although。 ?4.【参考答案】将when改为that。 ?【参考译文】 译文同上句。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析连接词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 强调句与定语从句的区别主要有两点：引导词与引导词前后的句子的结 构。强调句的连词除了强调人可以是who 以外，都用that。另外一点，强调句前半部分是 “It is…”，句意不完整，that后面的部分也不完整，只有将It is …that中间的成分移 到后面才完整。本句是强调句，而不是定语从句，故when属误用，须将when改为that。?5.【参考答案】将on改为for。 ?【参考译文】 购买体育场地皮花去300万比赛塔，建造费用总共达3800万比赛塔。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析介词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 介词的作用在英语中的作用是不容忽视的，每一个介词都有其独特的用途。on除了表示时间，空间位置外，还可以表示“在……方面”，不表示花费多少钱。故句中on属误用，将之改为表示数目多少的介词“for”。 ?6.【参考答案】将staggered改为staggering。 ?【参考译文】 在当时，这是一笔令人惊愕的数目。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析同源的形容词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 以“?ed”结尾的形容词主语一般修饰人，表示“感到……的”，以“?ing” 结尾的形容词一般修饰非生命的“物”，表示“令人……的”，句中sum是staggered逻辑 主语，故staggered属误用，将之改为staggering。 ?7.【参考答案】将proving改为proven。 ?【参考译文】 新建体育场的巨大耗资引起了许多传言，还说皇家马德里队曾接受过佛朗 哥政府的资助，但从未得到证实。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析做状语时，分词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 never proving是主句The cost of the new stadium led to claims的分 词状语，proving的逻辑主语是that Real had received financial aid from General Franco’s government，在关系上与proven属被动，因此，proving属误用，改为proven。 ?8.【参考答案】将won改为winning。 ?【参考译文】 在伯纳贝乌的资助下，皇家马德里最终成为最优秀的一支俱乐部足球队， 在1956年至1960年期间，这支球队五连冠夺得欧洲足球冠军杯。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析分词在作状语时的误用。 ?【详细解答】 由won开始的状语短语，逻辑主语是Real Madrid，主语和won的逻辑关 系是主动的。won是误用，因此改为winning。 ?9.【参考答案】将This改为It。 ?【参考译文】这支首都著名足球俱乐部队被视为西班牙民族精神的象征，就像巴塞罗那足 球俱乐部队是独立的加泰罗尼亚精神的标志一样，这绝不是巧合。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析作形式主语时代词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 本句是长句子，真正的主语是that后面的部分。为了保持句子的平衡，将 较长的主语放在后面，而将 it放在句首，做形式主语，是英语惯用的手段。而本句用this 作形式主语是不合适的，故改为it。 ?10.【参考答案】将like改为as。 ?【参考译文】 译文同上句。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析将介语用作连词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 在作“像……”这一意思时，like虽与as词意看似相似，但用法区别很大。like是介词，连接名词或代词，as是连词，连结句子，而FG Barcelona is a beacon for the independent Catalan spirit是个句子，故like属误用，应改为as。 |
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Test 2 ?? Personality is to a large extent inherent—A?type parents usually bring about A?type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major fact or in the lives of their children. ? One place where children soak up A characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the w in at all costs moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or a gainst the clock produces a two?layer system, in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”? By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful. ? Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A youngsters change into B’s. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management. ? If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged. Questions: ?1. Beside inherence, personality is also deeply effected by ?_________________________________________________________________ ?2. Person who has A characteristics is ?__________________________________________________________________ ?3. What was disagreed to in schools by the author? ?__________________________________________________________________ ?4. Why is top management of school to fit a child’s personality? ?________________________________________________________________ ?5. According to the 5th Para., B’s characteristic is suggested to be ?_______________________________________________________________________. 答案部分 短文大意? 这篇文章主要谈论的是人的性格的培养。作者指出，个性虽然在很大程度上是与生俱来的，但环境的作用也很重要。作者指出，因为学校崇尚“不惜一切代价取胜”的道德标准，而 使学校成为培养A型性格的主要场所。作者批评了这种以考试作竞争的手段，因为这并不 是学校的最高的办学宗旨。 ?1.【参考答案】 environment ?【答题技巧】 “顺藤摸瓜”，沿着与题相关的内容深入下去。 ?【详细解答】 问题是“除了遗传，性格还深受什么的影响”。文中第一段的第一句话讲得明白：Personality is to a large extent inherent.(个性在很大程度上是与生俱来的)，这是一个与题相关的句子，沿着这个句子继续走，可以得到“But the environment must also have a profound effect,“profound”意思是“deep”，也就是说，环境对人的性格也有很深的影响。因此，答案不得而知。 2.【参考答案】 keen to win / competitive ?【答题技巧】 综合考虑，归纳总结是本题的方法。 ?【详细解答】 这个问题问的是A型人的性格。这样一个问题，在原文中想一下子的找出答案是不容易的。必须先总的考虑一下第二段的文字。第二段有三个地方涉及到这个问题：one place where children soak up A characteristics is school……(孩子形成A型性格的一个地方是学校，学校就其本质而言是高度竞争的场所)；in which competitive A types seem in some way better than their B type fellows(富有竟争性的A型人看来就比B型人强。)；Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences;(学生过分热衷于获胜可能要产生危险的后果)。这样，经过综合考虑后，得出competitive与be keen to win. ?3.【参考答案】 the disproportionate emphasis on examinations ?【答题技巧】 由“肯定”走向“否定”的解决本题的捷径。 ?【详细解答】 本题问的是作者否定的是学校里的什么。只要理解了第三段的第一句话， 问题就可以解决。By far the worst form of competition in schools is disproportion ate emphasis on examinations.学校里最最糟糕的竞争方式是不恰当地强调考试。根据这句话可知，disproportionate emphasis on examinations 恰恰是作者所否定的东西。 ?4.【参考答案】 The world needs types ?【答题技巧】 根据“结果”推向“原因”是解决本题的出路。 ?【详细解答】 本题问为什么学校的宗旨应当是培养的孩子的性格。这是个典型的因果关 系的句子。根据已知的果(第四段未尾)It’s top management,一步一步往前推，我们发现了：The world needs(世界上需要各种类型的人)，与top management实际存在着一种逻辑上的因果关系。因此，答案为：The world needs types. ?5.【参考答案】 sensitive and sympathetic ?【答题技巧】 利用已知的信息进行推理并利用原文得出结论。 ?【详细解答】 问题是 ，根据第5段可知，B型人的性格是什么。第五段中有这样一个例子，“Perhaps selection for caring professions,especially medicine,could be made less by good grades in Chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy.”(也许在挑选护理人员，尤其是医务人员时，不要太看重化学考分，而应 多考虑对人的敏感性和同情心。)“sensitivity and sympathy”一词，应引起注意，因为这是与A型性格(前面已知)不同的。那么，继续看，It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged。 看到儿，我们几乎可以肯定，sensitivity与sympathy是属于B型的了。但为了与问题相合，应该把名词改为形容词即可。 |
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改错部分 TELEVISION NETWORK. One of the?three major commercial networks, CBS were organized 1. ____? in l928 which its founder, William Paley, acquired 2. ____?? ownership of a group of radio stations. As the? Columbia Broadcasting System expanded its operations,? soon become the largest radio network in the 3. ?____ United States, it precociously recognized the potential? for the rapidly evoved television broadcasting 4. ____? technology. On July 13th, 1931, 〓it began experimentally 5. ____?? television broadcasting in New York, and ten years late?? r began regular black?and?white week broadcasts over 6. ?____? its WCBW?TV station in the same city, that became 7. ?____?? WCBS?TV in November 1946. With Television City? in Hollywood, CBS launched the industry’s first full?? scale production studio. ? Today CBS owns television stations, radio stations,? and home?video production and distribution interests.? The CBS / Broadcasting Group composed of six 8. ?____ ?? divisions ： television network, entertainment, sports,? news, local television stations, and radio. ? For most of commercial television history, CBS? has been the leader in prime?time ratings, having the? highest?rated shows in almost every year from the? mid?1950s through the mid?1980s. During the late? 1980s, however, CBS lost its top position from NBC. 9. ____? CBS has traditionally been strong in the TV? news area. The network began the first regular TV news? program in l948 with Douglas Edwards as anchor,? Journalism legends such as Edward R. Murrow and ? Walter Cronkite gave CBS its reputation as quality 10. ?____? news broadcaster. 答案部分 1.【参考答案】将were改为was。 ? 【参考译文】 作为美国三大商业广播电视网之一，哥伦比亚广播公司成立于1928年。 ? 【试题分析】 本题辨析谓语动词单复数的误用。 ?【详细解答】 本句的主语为CBS (哥伦比亚广播公司)，而不是networks。因此，将were organized改为 was organized。 ?2.【参考答案】将which改为when/in which。 ? 【参考译文】 那年，它的创始人威廉·佩利获得了数家广播电台的所有权。 ? 【试题分析】 本题辨析定语从句引导词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 作“年代”的定语从句，其引导词可以是that,which,in which或when。这 须判 断定语从句缺少什么成分，its founder William Paley, acquired ownership of a group of radio stations中，缺少时间状语，故引导词应为when或in which。 ?3.【参考答案】将become改为becoming。 ? 【参考译文】 随着哥伦比亚广播公司业务范围的拓展，它很快成了美国的最大广播网。 ? 【试题分析】 本题辨析谓语动词与分词状语的误用。故意将分词短语设计错误，这是六级考试辨错题的一个常考类型。 ?【详细解答】 As the Columbia Broadcasting System expanded its operations,是 一个由as引导伴随状语，与soon become the largest radio network in the United Stat es之间有一种逻辑上的因果关系，而不是并列关系，而且soon become…在句法上也与并列 句子不合。(由and连结)，因此，用become是不合适的，由于become的逻辑主语是the Colum bia Broadcasting Sytem，因而将become变为becoming，使这个句子成为结果状语后，就使整个句子符合逻辑连贯性了。 ?4.【参考答案】将evolved改为evolving。 ? 【参考译文】 它一开始就认识到了未来广播电视技术迅猛发展的趋势。 ? 【试题分析】 本题辨析作前置定语时分词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 作前置定语时，现在分词表示“正在或将要发生”，过去分词表示“已经 成为过去”。根据句意，发展趋势是未来的，因此，evolved是不合适的。要将evolved改为evolving。 ?5.【参考答案】将experimentally改为experimental。 ? 【参考译文】 1931年7月13日，它开始在纽约试播电视节目。 ? 【试题分析】 本题辨析形容词，副词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 副词作状语时，通常在实义动词之前，助动词之后。那么，experimentally放在began之后，是不合适的，那么，experimentally 应修饰television broadcasting。 但修饰名词应用形容词experimental，而不是experimentally。 ?6.【参考答案】将week改为weekly。 ? 【参考译文】 10年后，开始在纽约通过其WCBW?TV电视台每周播放一定的黑白电视节目。 ? 【试题分析】 本题辨析定语的误用。 ?【详细解答】 名词也可以作定语，但一定要符合句意。week意为“周，星期”，与broad cast的搭配，没有什么合乎逻辑的含义，若将之换为weekly，“每周播放”则合乎句意。 ?7.【参考答案】将that改为which。 ? 【参考译文】 1946年11月，WCBW?TV电视台改为WCBS?TV。 ? 【试题分析】 本题辨析非限定性定语从句的误用。 ?【详细解答】 从逻辑意义上讲，that became WCBW?TV in Novermber 1946是非限定性定语从句，that代替WCBW?TV。但非限定性定语从句的引导词，只能用which。 ?8.【参考答案】将composed改为is composed。 ? 【参考译文】 该广播电视集团有六大组成部分：电视网、娱乐、体育、新闻、地方电视台以及广播电台。 ? 【试题分析】 本题辨析动词语态的误用。 ?【详细解答】 “在表示由……组成”时，一般用be composed of。 ?9.【参考答案】将from改为to。 ? 【参考译文】 然而，到了80年代末，哥伦比亚广播公司失去了其领先地位，由全国广播公司取而代之。 ? 【试题分析】 本题辨析介词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 from，表示“从……来”。本句因from的误用，使句子失去了逻辑意义， 则将from改为to，就表示了“将位置丢给了NBC”，to表示的意义刚好和from相反。 ?10.【参考答案】将quality前加一个“a”。 ? 【参考译文】 新闻界的传奇人们爱德华·默罗和沃尔特·克朗凯特给哥伦比亚广播公司带来了盛誉，使其被称为信得过的新闻广播电视台。 ? 【试题分析】 本题辨析不定冠词的漏用。 ?【详细解答】 quality news broadcaster 的中心词是broadcaster(广播电视台)，是可 数名词的单数形式，所以，应在quality前加上不定冠词a。 |
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Test 3 When Gutenberg printed his first books he had no intention that they should be portable. They were made, after all, to compete with very weighty （and often chained）illuminated manuscripts. The idea that you could walk around with a book did not come until l500 when Aldus Manutius stumbled upon this revolutionary?and liberating?notion. The first paper?light newspaper(Johann Carolus’s The Relation in Strasbourg）did not follow until l609. In the computer world the same revolution?from heavy main frame to near weightlessness?is well under way. ? Today’ s portables seem miracles of design and power. But, even as far as they have come, compare them with the ultra?light, ultra?cheap, ultra high quality information?bearing attributes of paper, the only problem is that the information on paper cannot be updated. Imagine a piece of electronic paper which could typeset itself by means of remotely fed data. The key elements of such an entity are already a reality at the Massachusetts Instltute of Technology’s（MIT） Media Laboratory, enabling the prospect of portable information devices which are essentially weightless and omnipresent. The key breakthrough, which will start to be seen widely in l998, is a new type of ink： electronic ink. This magical stuff can be coated on to any surface, but, unlike normal ink, it can be electronically set. It is instantly changeable, erasable and resettable. The ink itself, a polymer material, is not expensive and requires no electronic power to maintain its image. ? This spells the beginning of the end of the published book. The conventional publishing industry is already dying. Books, magazines and newspapers have reached a plateau of sales in America of about＄100 billion a year. Sales of fiat?panel displays, the basis of all notebook computers and the super?thin screens which are beginning to populate our desktops, are growing rapidly with sales approaching ＄30 billion, but such screens are still heavy, very expensive and power?hungry. Electronic ink enables the two worlds, conventional publishing on paper and electronic information displays, to be merged. ? This radical change coincides happily with another： the exponential growth of our ability to store information electronically at a rapidly dwindling cost. The arrival, that is, of compact data storage. Consider this. One book consumes about 1 Mb of data in a conventional, uncompressed form. But squeeze the data into a compact form, and a disk drive the size of a credit card holds 350 books.? Questions: ?1. Who is the first person noted that books could be protable? ??______? ?______? ?_______? ?______? ?______? ??______? ?______? ?_______ ?______? ?______?. ?2. Electronic paper can solve the problem that ?______? ?______? ?______? ?______? ?______??______? ?______? ?______? ?______? ?______?. ?3. “Prospect of portable information devices” refers to ?______? ?______? ?______? ? ______? ?______? ______ ?______? ?______? ?______? ?______?. ?4. What results in the ending of the published book? ??______? ?______? ?______? ?______? ?______? ??______? ?______? ?______? ?______? ?______?. ?5. According to the 3rd Para, it is inferred that the coventional publish ing industry will disappear ?______? ?______ ?______? ?______? ?______??______? ?______? ______? ?______? ?______. 答案部分 短文大意 ?文章以便携式书籍的出现为引子，指出在电脑领域，也正进行着一场从沉重的主机计算机 到几乎无重量的便携式电脑的革命。文章告诉我们，电子纸的出现，尤其是随着电子进入 应用的实际问题：电子墨水得以突破后，使传统出版业遭到危机，最终会带来出版业的变革，传统的出版物与电子信息显示合为一体。 ?1.【参考答案】Aldus Manutius ?【解题技巧】 正确理解句子内容是本题的惟一出路。 ?【详细解答】 本文问的是谁最早提出书可以便携这一观念。文中第一段第三句话：The idea that you could walk around with a book not come until 1500 when Aldus Manutius stumbled…notion,句中，this revolutionary—and liberating—noti on,指的即是“they should be protable”因而，Aldus Manutius是最早提出这一观点的人。 ?2.【参考答案】the information on paper cannot be updated ?【解题技巧】 通过比较得出结论是本题的捷径。 ?【详细解答】文中第二段出现了：Imagine a piece of electronic paper which could typeset itself of romotely fed data：电子纸可通过遥控数据排版。而在这句话的前面 ，是有关纸的评价：the only problem is that the information on paper cannot be u pdated.这样一比，电子纸与普通纸的区别就很明显了，而电子纸的功能恰恰是普通纸所做 不到的，答案由此而来。 ?3.【参考答案】electronic paper ?【解题技巧】 通过上下文，找出指代的内容是本题的关键。 ?【详细解答】本题问的是：便携式信息装置指代什么。对于这样的问题，一定要联系上 下文，在第二段中，只要能发现 a piece of electronic paper,such an entity与protable imformation devices 的逻辑关系，便不难发现，这段话想说明的正是：由于麻省理工学 院的多媒体实验室将电子纸的实践问题得以解决，才使用电子纸的前景乐观，因此，答案为 electronic paper. ?4.【参考答案】the breakthrough of electronic ink ?【解题技巧】 通过段与段之间承上启下的关键问题找出答案。 ?【详细解答】 第三段的首句：This spells the beginning of the end of the published book.本题的问话其实就是这句话的变形。由于这句话处于承上启下的位置，那么“this”所指，必然在上面一段出现。第二段中指出：The key breakthrough,…is a new type of ink.这就说明，在电子纸实践将随着电子墨水的突破而有所发展，之后，又用了相当的篇幅介绍电子墨水的特性。因此，是电子墨水的突破使电子纸获得实质的进展，而这将导致书籍出版的结束。回答本题时，仍要尽可能运用文中原有的词汇。 ?5.【参考答案】conventional publishing on paper and electronic information displays are merged ?【解题技巧】 运用段落中已知的信息去推测。 ?【详细解答】这是一个典型的推理型的问题。这种问题往往涉及几句话甚至整段话的内 容。第三段一开始指出：传统出版业正在走向灭亡，虽然平板显示器的销售突飞猛进，然而 ，它的本身也存在着明显的缺限。而电子墨水的出现，可以使这两件各有所长的东西构成合 理的结合成为可能。根据这段话，我们可得知：传统出版物若消失，必然在两者结合之时。 回答这个问题时，也应尽量使用句子的原话：conventional publishing on paper and electronic information displays,to be merged.而稍作变形。 |
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改错 American law regards a partnership as an association? of two or more persons who have agreed to? combine their labour, property, and skill, or some or? all of them, for the purpose of engaging in lawful? business and shared profits and losses between them. 1. ?____?? The parties forming such an association is known as 2. ?____?? partners. Partners may create a name and use a real 3. ?____? family name or names for a partnership. The agreement? to form a partnership is known as an article of? co?partership or partership contract. The importantest 4. ?____?? provision of the agreement is the one stipulating the? manner of distributing profits. ? Any number of persons may contract to forming 5. ?____? a partnership, and firms of partners may enter into? partnership with one another. However, most ? corporations have not power to enter into partnership 6. ?____? ? if such power is expressly given in the corporate charter 7. ?____?? or article of association. New members may be? admitted into an existed partnership only with the 8. ?____?? consent of all the partners. The agreement of a partnership? has a definite term of years in general. If no duration? is specified, it is said to be a partnership at? will and can legally terminate at any time by any 9. ?____? partners. A partnership can be dissolved or terminated 10. ?____?? and the terms of the partnership agreement modified? at any time. 答案部分 1.【参考答案】将shared改为sharing。 ?【参考译文】 该组织联合几方或全部的劳动，财产或技术，以从事合法的商业活动 为目的，共享利润，共担损失。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析分词作定语时的误用。 ?【详细解答】 句中，engaging in lawful business和shared profits and losses between them,作the purpose的定语。engaging与shared是并列的，他们的共同的逻辑主语是an association of two or more persons,在逻辑关系上，都是主动的，而且，share business 本应该是动宾关系，而过去分词shared的误用却改变了这种关系，使shared profits成为一个由过去分词修饰的名词短语：共享的利润。从而使句法混乱，因此，将shared改为sharing。 ?2.【参考答案】将is改为are。 ?【参考译文】 构成这种组织的各方称为合伙人。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析谓语动词单复数的误用。 ?【详细解答】 本句的主语是The parties，故谓语动词应该用are,在使用时，不要受an association的干扰。 ?3.【参考答案】将and改为or。 ?【参考译文】 合伙人可以给合伙企业起一个名字，也可以使用一两个真实的姓名作为合 伙企业的名称。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析并列连词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 表示并列关系常用的连词有两个：即and和or。and表示“和……”表示兼而有之，or表示“或……”，表示选择。句中的意思是：可以起一个名字，或者可以使用一个或几个真实的姓名。因此，不用and,而该用or.[ZK)] ?4.【参考答案】将importantest改为most important。 ?【参考译文】 其中最重要的条款就是对如何分配利润作出的规定。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析形容词最高级形式的误用。 ?【详细解答】 形容词的最高级有两种构成方法，一般情况下，加“est”,但多音节词则 是most+形容词原形。句中，important属多音节词，正确的最高级形式应为most important。 ?5.【参考答案】将forming改为 form。 ?【参考译文】 形成合伙企业的人数不限。合伙企业之间也可以形成合伙企业。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析非谓语动词形式的误用。 ?【详细解答】 contract动词，意为“签订合同”，后面跟动词不定式作宾语contract to do sth.。故文中，应为contract to form,而不应为forming. ?6.【参考答案】将not改为no。 ?【参考译文】 然而，除非公司章程明确赋予该公司拥有达成合伙企业的权力，否则大多 数公司不可以与他人达成合伙企业。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析否定词词类的误用。 ?【详细解答】 句中常用的否定词有not和no。not为副词，用来修饰动词；no是形容词， 修饰名词。句中，power是名词，故用not是不正确的。 ?7.【参考答案】将if改为unless。 ?【参考译文】 译文同上句。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析连接词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 全句因if(如果)误用，而失去了逻辑连贯性。应将if 改为unless引导的条件状语从句。 ?8.【参考答案】将existed改为existing。 ?【参考译文】 新合伙人只有得到全体合伙人的同意才能被接纳为合伙人。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析作定语时分词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 分词在作前置定语时，现在分词表示“现在”，过去分词表示“过去”， 主要是时间上的差异。根据句意，partership指的是“现在存在的合伙关系”，并非指“合 伙关系已成为过去”。因此，应将existed改为existing。 ?9.【参考答案】将terminate改为be terminated。 ?【参考译文】 如果未对此进行规定，则该合伙称为任意合伙，可按合伙人的要求随时予 解散。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析动词语态的误用。 ?【详细解答】 本句是一个长句子。can terminate的主语为it，代指agreement，因此， 主语和谓语构成事实上的被动关系。terminate这一主动的用法显然与句法不合，故改为be terminated. ?10.【参考答案】将partners改为partner。 ?【参考译文】 合伙企业可以随时予以解散。终止修改合伙协议。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析名词单复数的误用。 ?【详细解答】 any在表示“任意”，“任何的”这一含义时，后面可跟不可数或者可数名 词的单数形式。本句any不是“一些”，而是“任何”的意思，因而partners的用法是错误 的。 |
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Test 4?? That experiences influence subsequent behaviour is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So?called intelligent behaviour demands memory, remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences. ? Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection. ? In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive ability would suffer; for example, learned behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. Thus forgetting seems to serve the survival of the individual and the species. ? Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (imput) and forgetting (output). Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offer gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input?ouput balance. ?Questions: ?1. According to Para. 1, memory plays an important role in ?____?. ?2. We can obviously notice that over a period of no practice what has bee n learned tends to be forgotten from ?______?. ?3. It seems that the author disagree to explain ?_____?. ?4. If memories failed to fade, ?_______. ?5. According to the assumption given in!last para., we don’t exactly know ?______ 答案部分 短文大意 ?本文对于人的记忆和遗忘功能一题，进行了详细的论述。文中指出，记忆对学习，对智力 活动，解决问题的能力，都起着重要的 作用。然而，遗忘功能也是功不可没的。因为，假 如记忆力永不衰退，人的适应能力将被削弱，人的日常生活行动将会混乱。文章在最后 ，又引入了另一个有关记忆与遗忘之间关系的理论。 ?1.【参考答案】learning,intelligent behavior and the ability to solve any problem? 【解题技巧】 将同类的内容进行归纳总结，提取原话是解决本题的方法。 ?【详细解答】 本题的答案散落在第一段中，我们可分别发现：Learning could not occur without the funtion popularly named memory.(没有这个通常被称为记忆的功能，学习不可能进行。)…So?called intelligent behavior demands memory.(通常所说的智力活动需要记忆力。)The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory.(解决任何问题的能力，甚至发现问题是否存在的能力，均有赖于记忆力。)因此，将Learning,intelligent behavior,the ability to solve any problem提取出来，即可。 ? 2.【参考答案】dramatic instances of sudden forgetting ?【解题技巧】 从既定的结果入手，寻找存在的条件是本题技巧。 ?【详细解答】 问题问的是：根据什么，我们可以明显看出一段时间不练习，已学到的东西会逐渐遗忘。在第二段中，我们可以看到本题已知的结果：Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten.下面一句说的是and the adaptive consequence may not seem obvious.(而且这种自身适应的后果看来并不明显。)这一句离题更近了，下面就得到了答案：dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can been seem to be adaptive. ? 3.【参考答案】how the process of forgetting survived by evolutionary interpretation ?【解题技巧】 从间接的否定进入直接的否定，并抛开原文中不必要的修饰词。 ?【详细解答】 问题是：作者似乎不同意解释什么。这句话的问题很明确。然而，在英语语言中，一些表示否定的话语，说得却很委婉。第二段的最后：Nevertheless,an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.然而，一个进化论的解释也许使人难以理解这个很普通的逐渐遗忘过程怎样会经历自然选择后仍保留下来。那么，might make it difficult,即是一种委婉的否定。因为是简短回答，可以把修饰词commonly,gradual,natural selection去掉，留下词干就可以了。 ? 4.【参考答案】adaptive ability would suffer ?【答题技巧】 寻找与题相关的类似说法，是本题的技巧。 ?【详细解答】 第三段句首有这样一句话：In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects,it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade.文中有：Without forgetting,adaptive ability would suffer.在这句中，without forgetting取意与if memories failed to fade相同。 ? 5.【参考答案】how adjustments are made between memory and forgetting ?【解题技巧】 根据已知的东西去推测判定隐含的内容。 ?【详细解答】 这个问题问的是：依据最后一段，给出的假定理论，我们知道什么。这种问题，需要我们依据文中内容来作出合理的推测，最后一段指出：In this view,continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage and forgetting.依据这种观念(假定中的观点)，学习或记忆储存和遗忘之间可不断调整。Indeed,there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is related to how much they have learned.的确，有证据表明：一个人的遗忘率与他的学习量直接有关，根据已知的信息，可做以下合理的判断：一个人遗忘率与学习量虽然有关，但是个什么样的关系? 再由具体推向抽象，记忆与遗忘可不断调整，怎么调整?据此，我们利用原文，答案可总结为：how adjustments are made between memory and forgetting. |
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改错部分 Cannes Film Festival, the most prestigious motion picture festival in the world, held each May in __1. the resort city of Cannes, in southeast France. The Cannes Film Festival was conceived at the end of? 1938 as a reaction of reports that the Venice Film __2. Festival became a platform for fascist propaganda. __3. Due to World War II (1939?1945) however, the first? Cannes Film Festival was not held till 1946. Interna? __4.? tionalism and postwar optimism characterized the first? festival, although organizers placed less emphasis on__5.? competition as on mutual creative stimulation between __6.?? national productions. In later years the selection, by? juries, of entrires for prizes was reflected more commercial __7.?? interests and the festival soon acquried its current reputation as a fashionable professional event,? more concerning with advancing the film industry than __8. the art of film . French director Francois Truffaut addressed these issues in 1956 which he exposed the __9. festival’s political intrigues and promotional deals,? and predicted its commercial demise. The festival? survived, however and in 1959, Truffaut himself was? awarded the prize for best screenplay for ?Les Quatre? Cents Coups (The Four Hundred Blows,? 1959). ? In spite its ever?present financial interests and political __10. ? overtones, the Cannes Film Festival remains an essential? showcase for international cinema. 答案部分 1.【参考答案】将held改为is held。 ?【参考译文】 戛纳电影节是世界上最有声望的电影节。每年5月在法国南部的旅游胜地戛 纳举行。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析非谓语动词用作谓语的误用。 ?【详细解答】 英语中动词不定式，现在分词与过去分词都属非谓语动词，不能单独构成 谓语，但都可以用作状语。所以，在改错时应特别当心，注意判断其与主句的关系，到底是 主谓关系，还是句子与状语的关系，本句是长句子，关系复杂，主语是Cannes Film Festival,但除了过去分词held所构成的状语外，并没有谓语出现。故，将held改成is held. ? 2.【参考答案】将of改为to。 ?【参考译文】1938年底，威尼斯电影节已蜕变成了法西斯的宣传舞台。针对这一情况戛纳电影节应运而生。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析介词与名词搭配的错误。 ?【详细解答】 reaction后若有后置定语时，固定的介词应该用“to”而不是“of”，类似这一用法的名词还有“key,answer”等。 ? 3.【参考答案】将became改为had become。 ?【参考译文】 译文同上句。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析动词时态的误用。 ?【详细解答】 英语的长句中，若出现两个动词，都发生在过去，发生在前的应用过去完成时。句中，was conceived和became都发生在过去，而威尼斯的蜕变(became)明显在前，因此，应用had become。 ? 4.【参考答案】将till改为until。 ?【参考译文】 然而，由于第二次世界大战，第一届戛纳电影节直到1946年才得以举办。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析连词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 本句表达的意思应是“直到……才”。表示肯定的意思，而前面已用了not,因此，应该和有否定意义的until一起，才构成肯定的意思，而till的误用，使本句在语法上发生了混乱。 ? 5.【参考答案】将although改为as /because。 ?【参考译文】 第一届电影节洋溢着国际主义和战后乐观主义的情绪，因为组织者们侧重于民族作品间的相互创造激情而不是竞争。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析连词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 句中Internationalism and postwar optimism characterized the first festival与organizers placed less emphasis…之间关系，应该是因果关系，结果在前，原因在后。而although却表示的是转折关系。故属误用，应改为表示因果关系的连词as或because. ? 6.【参考答案】将as改为than。 ?【参考译文】 译文同上句。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析连词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 less一词是little的比较级，故此句不是同级比较，所以，as是误用，应改为“than”.
7.【参考答案】将was删去。 ?【参考译文】 在以后的几年，由评审团评选的入围作品则带有更多的商业利益。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析动词语态的误用。 ?【详细解答】 本句的主语是the selection，它与reflect的关系是主动的，是入围的作品反映出商业利益，而不是入围作品由商业利益反映出，而介词by在句子里，仅表示与juries一起，构成selection的定语，与被动语态没有任何关系。故将reflect由被动语态改为主动，将was去掉。 ? 8.【参考答案】将concerning改为concerned。 ?【参考译文】 戛纳电影节很快以其时髦的专业形象而声名大震。它更注重推动电影业的发展，而不是电影艺术本身。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析作定语时分词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 本句，concern with意思为：“使……关心”concerning with短语是句子的状语，而其逻辑主语是the festival，很明显，the festival与concern之间的关系，应该是被动的，concern应该用被动式concened，故concerning属误用。 ? 9.【参考答案】将which改为when或in which。 ?【参考译文】 法国导演特吕福特在1956年就指出了这些问题。他揭露电影节带有政治阴谋和推销伎俩，并预言其在商业上的崩溃。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析定语从句关系引导词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 在定语从句，指代年代的词可以有when，可以是which或in which只要判断出定语从句中，到底是缺什么成分。若缺的是状语，应用when,或in which,若缺主语或宾语，则用which或that,而句中，be exposed the festival’s political intrigues and promotional deals,缺的是时间状语，故引导词该是when或in which，那么，将which前加in 或改为when则可以了。 ? 10.【参考答案】将In spite改为In spite of或Despite。 ?【参考译文】 尽管有商业利益及政治高调贯穿始终，戛纳电影节依然是国际电影的一个重要的展示机会。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析连词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 In spite有“尽管”的意思。后面可跟句子，也可跟名词，但跟名词，必须加个of，相当于Despite.句中，In spite后不是句子，而是一个名词词组。故在后面加上of,或将in spite改为despite。 |
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Test 5?? Scientists often portray coral reefs as “rainforests of the oceans” for the reason that rainforests and coral reefs are habitats of most species on land and in seas respectively. However, rainforests grow in nutrient?rich tropics, while coral reefs lie in nutrient?poor waters. Therefore, how coral reefs manage to thrive in the marine equivalent of a desert is a subject scientists have been studying. ? Over the past decade, some scientists have worked out a theory that coral reefs maintain high rates of biological activity by efficiently recycling scarce nutrients. But two U. S. scientists in California are questioning this theory. Robert? Carpenter of State University in Northridge and Susan Williams of State University in San Diego put forward the idea that long?spined black sea urchins may play a key role in enabling coral reefs to thrive. ? The urchins specially feed on the algae which live on the coral. By doing so, they may greatly enhance the flow of dissolved nutrients, enabling the algae to maintain high rates of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation. Carpenter and Williams have gathered a large quantity of data over the past ten years in laboratory studies and field surveys at St Croix in Virgin Islands. However, they are reluctant to challenge the recycling theory headon. ? Their findings are interesting enough to have attracted funding for them to continue their work at a research station in Kaneohe Bay on the island of Oahu in Hawaii. They will try to discover to what extent the movement of water, rather than biological activity, controls the growth rates of the algae. Williams says that the algae are the main players in the coral reef ecosystem, with the coral itself playing a subsidiary role. The real powerhouse of organic production is the algae living on the coral, she adds. ? Williams and Carpenter are begining a 3?year research programme to find out how the algae maintain great productivity in waters where the concentrations of nitrogen and carbon dioxide are so low as to be barely detectable. They hold that the indirect effects of long?spined black sea urchins may play a key role. The urchins have a feeding range of a metre or so, and keep the algae trimmed to a height of between 1 and 4 millimetres. These trimmed algae enhance the flow of water over the coral reef and this may help to deliver a generous supply of dissolved nutrients to the algae. Questions: ?1. What does the passage mainly talk about? __________________________________________________________ ?2. According to the past theory, what may play a key role in enabling cor al reefs to thrive? __________________________________________________________ 3. William and Carpenter’s studies and surveys are ?__________________________________________________________ 4. According to William and Carpenter’s research programme, it is uncerta in ?__________________________________________________________ ?5. In the 4th para., it is inferred that ?__________________________________________________________. 答案部分 短文大意 ?这是一篇有关珊瑚礁怎样繁殖的问题的短文。文章指出，卡彭特和威廉斯两位科学对旧的 繁殖理论提出疑问，表明了自己的看法，并进行了多年的实验和调查，但令人遗憾的是，至 今尚未证明自己的理论。 ?1.【参考答案】How coral reefs manage to thrive ?【答题技巧】 纵观全文，概括总结是本题的捷径。 ?【详细解答】本题问的是这篇文章主要讨论的是什么。文中等一段指出，珊瑚礁怎样设法 繁殖，是科学家一直研究的课题；第二段谈的是有关珊瑚礁繁殖的不同理论；第三段表明， 两位科学潜心研究，目的是想推翻旧理论；最后一段指出两位科学家为证明理论，正开始一 项为期三年的计划。因此，文章的主题：How coral reefs manage to thrive.在回答问题 时，尽量选择原文中的语言。 ?2.【参考答案】Efficiently recycling scarce nutrients ?【答题技巧】 弄懂句子结构是回答本题的基础。 ?【详细解答】 本题问的是依照旧理论，是什么使很强生物维持活动能力。这个问题其实是 文中第二段首句的变形：over the past decade,some scientists have worked out a th eory that coral reefs maintain high rates, of biological activity by efficiently recycling scare nutrients…(珊瑚礁依靠高效率地再循环利用稀有的营养物，维持很强 的生物活动能力)由介词by(通过)引导的状语即是本题的答案。 ?3.【参考答案】to challenge the receycling theory headon ?【答题技巧】 由否定推向肯定是解答本题的方法。 ?【详细解答】 问的是威廉斯和卡彭特的调查研究是用来作什么的。文中第三段最后一句 话是关键：However,they are reluctant to challenge the receycling theory headon. 但是，他们不愿意直接否定再循环理论。那么，靠什么?这一句话上面的一句指出，在过去 的十几年中，他们在实验室研究和收集了大量数据，两句话结合起来；即他们调查研究是为 了推翻再循环理论。 ?4.【参考答案】how the algae maintain great productivity ?【答题技巧】 正确理解句子的含义是本题的关键。 ?【详细解答】 如果理解了第四段的第一句话，问题便可迎刃而解。首句话的意思是：威 廉斯和卡彭特正在开始一项为期3年的研究计划，目的是弄清楚在氮和二氧化碳的含量低得 几乎测不出来的海水里，珊瑚礁海藻是怎样维持迅速繁殖的。根据句意 how the algae mai ntain great productivity 仍然是有待解决的问题，答案由此而来。 ?5.【参考答案】Carpenter and Williams haven’t prove the theory yet ?【答题技巧】 依据已知的情况，进行推理是本句的方法。 ?【详细解答】 问题是问最后一段暗示的是什么。第四段的大意是，威廉斯和卡彭特正开 始研究珊瑚礁海藻的繁殖的原因，而且他们认为：长脊黑色海胆的间接作用也许是关键因素 ，海胆的吃食范围使珊瑚海藻被修剪到高度在1——4mm之间，被修剪过的海藻增加了经过珊瑚的水流量，这也许帮助珊瑚礁海藻获得大量的溶解营养物。不难看出，一整段字的语气， 都基于they hold,may play a key role,may help to deliever…这都告诉我们，这些理论尚未被确认。 |
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改错部分
Decades after interviewing had become common? practise in the United States,American journalists 1. ?______?? were teaching Europeans what their own elites would 2. ?______?? submit to interviews. In 1879, an American named? James Creelman became a first person to interview the 3. ?______?? president of France. During World War Ⅰ, American? correspondents helped transforming the standing 4. ?______?? of the interview in Britain. One of them recalled,? “You saw the immemorial aloofness of the King of? England wiping out at a tea party for American 5. ?______?? journalists at Sandringham；you beheld the holy of holy of 6. ?______?? the British War Office as the setting of a weekly conference? with reporters.”? The World scored with the pope（Benedict XV）? again in 1915. Interviewing the pope seems to have? been the next best thing to interview God for American 7. ?______?? journalists, and they kept in citing papal interviews 8. ?______?? as earth?shattering achievement. The United 9. ?______ ?? Press correspondent who interviewed Pope Pius XI in? l929 was far from the first to do so, but the UP? boasted that he was at 1east the first doing so“in the 10. ?______?? private library of the Pontiff. ” 答案部分 1.【参考答案】将practise改为practice。 ?【参考译文】 在采访成为美国常见的作法的几十年之后。 ?【试题分析】 本题是辨析将动词用作名词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 英语中有一类词的名词形式与其动词形式常常只有一字之差。本题的pract ise即是这样，它的名词形式是practice，题中，become common后本应用名词practice，但却误用了practise，导致了语法上的混乱。 ?2.【参考答案】将what改为that。 ?【参考译文】 美国记者给欧洲人上了一课。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析引导宾语从句的关系代词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 宾语从句中引导词what与that的用法与其在定语从句中的用法相似。what 相当于all that，表示“所……的内容”，在从句中往往可以作宾语，而且从句中，往往是 tell,say,do, want……等等这一类动词作谓语，而that本身没有任何含义，在从句中也不做任何成分，它的存在，只是起连结主句与从句的作用，往往可以省去。句中，their own elites would submit to interviews内容很完整，很具体，因此，选择引导词that. ?3.【参考答案】将a改为the。 ?【参考译文】 1897年一个名叫詹姆·克里尔曼的美国人成了第一个采访法国总统的人。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析定冠词与不定冠词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 定冠词the与不定冠词a/an的用法，区别之一：即序数词前一般是用“the”，而不用a/an，而first是序数词，故应用“the”,“a”的用法是错误的。 ?4.【参考答案】将transforming改为transform或to transform。 ?【参考译文】 第一次世界大战期间，美国记者帮助改变了采访在英国所处的地位。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析特殊动词后非谓语动词形式的误用。 ?【详细解答】 有的动词后需用动词不定式作宾语。如force。而有的则需用动名词，如enjoy。而有的动词后动词不定式可省略“to”，如let。而动词help后的动词不定式则既可省“to”，也可加上，只是不能用“V+ing”的形式。故将help后的transforming改为transform或to transform. ?5.【参考答案】将wiping改为wiped。 ?【参考译文】 你看到了英国国王那种自古以来凛然不可一世的气派在一次招待美国记者 的茶话会上一扫而光。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析做后置定语时分词的误用。 ?【详细解答】 分词作后置定语有两种情况：现在分词作定语，过去分词作定语。现在分 词作定语表示“正在进行或发生”，而跟修饰词的逻辑关系是主动的，而过去分词相反，表 示“完成”，“被动”。句中，分词wiping out修饰的应是the immemorial aloofness，而 不是the King of English,故wiping out与被修饰词关系应是被动的，而该用wiped out. ?6.【参考答案】将第二个holy变为holies。 ?【参考译文】 你也看到了英国陆军部这块神圣不可侵犯之地成了每周举行记者招待会的 场所。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析名词单复数的误用。 ?【详细解答】 the holy of holies是一个固定的用法，第一个holy指“至圣所”“holies”指“圣洁”，用复数合在一起，译成幽默语“最神圣的地方。因而句中，the holy of holy中，第二个holy应改为holies. ?7.【参考答案】将interview改为interviewing。 ?【参考译文】 1915年，《世界报》再次成功地采访了教皇本尼迪克特15世，对于美国记 者来说，采访教皇就好像是仅次于采访上帝的大事。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析介词“to”与动词不定式“to”的误用。 ?【详细解答】 名词后若加上“to+v”的形式，一般是动词不定式作后置定语，译作“要 ……的……”。而据主句的意思，the next best thing to interview the God,本来 要表达的意思是“相对于采访教皇而言，是第二件大事”。故，to在这可理解为“对……而言，”“和……相比”，是介词，故后面应跟动词的“?ing”结构，而不能是动词原形，否则，句意必然会大乱。 ?8.【参考答案】将in改为on。 ?【参考译文】 他们不断地提及对教皇的采访是惊天动地的成就。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析动词与介词搭配的误用。 ?【详细解答】 keep与介词in搭配，只有两种用法：keep sth./sb. in:指“使人或东西留在里面”，尤指“罚……课后留校”，keep in with sb.指“与……友好相处”一般都不跟 doing。而根据上下文，表达的是”持续不断提及”这一含义。因此用keep on doing sth (持 续不断)，故将in改为on。 ?9.【参考答案】将achievement改为achievements/将earth?shattering前加上an。 ?【参考译文】 同上。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析名词单复数的误用。 ?【详细解答】 achievement意为“成绩，成就”，它不是一个不可数名词。因此，可将citing papal interviews当成是一件成就，即an earth?shattering achievement,也可当成是“成就的组合”achievements。 ?10.【参考答案】将doing改为to do。 ?【参考译文】 1929年合众社记者采访了教皇庇护11世，他远非采访教皇的第一人，可是合众社大吹大擂说他至少是“在教皇的私人图书室里”采访教皇的第一人。 ?【试题分析】 本题辨析非谓语动词作定语的误用。 ?【详细解答】 句中，far from the first doing so,根据句意，本来应表达的是：他远 非采访教皇的第一人”，而first则应指“first person”但却因doing的误用，使失去了这个意义。首先，doing在这儿起到的不是定语的作用，而似乎成为“第一次这样做”。这样固然说得通。但与主语who一起，也是说不通的。而把doing改为动词不定式to do,改则使first与to do 之间，改成了后置定语与被修饰词之间的关系，则既符合语法，又符合了句意。 |
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TEST 6?? Put the pedal to the metal, if you’re driving in Montana. That state is ab out to abandon the little?loved 65mph speed limit?and, indeed, any limit at all. The state’s regulators have been wanting to do this for years, but until now were prevented by a federal law passed 22 years ago. ? The end came on November 28th, when a new federal highway bill was signed into law by President Clinton. The president admitted misgivings, perhaps because his own father had been killed in a road accident, but it was clear that a veto would have been most unpopular. The old speed limit was “about the most disregarded law in America”, notes Csaba Csere. editor of ?Car Driver? magazine. A recent study, he said, found that the average speed on ?interstate? highways in Michigan was 74mph. Until this week, the official limit was 55mph on urban freeways and 65mph on rural expressways. ? Out west, where a motorist may travel 100 miles without seeing another car, nine states will immediately jump to at least 70mph, and ?Nevada, Wyoming and Kansas? will go to 75mph; in Montana it is any speed you like in the daytime (though lorries must still keep to 65). Farther east, where traffic is denser and the weather less reliable, some states are likely to keep to 55?65mph. ? The national speed limit was passed in 1973 when the first oil crisis had almost trebled fuel prices. In 1974, Congress ordered a 50mph limit, raised to 55 when the oil crisis had passed. But by then safety enthusiasts were arguing that lower speed limits would sharply reduce road deaths, and they continued to argue their case even as Mr Cliton signed the bill this week. The change is “equiva lent to a death sentence to thousands of Americans”, says Joan Claybrook, a former head of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Questions: ?1. The passage was probably written in ?____? ?____? ?____? ?____? ?____??____? ?____? ?____? ?____ ?____?. ?2. It seems that Clinton’s signing the new federal highway bill partly due to ?____??____? ?____? ?____? ?____?? ____? ?____? ?____? ?____? ?____?. ?3. According to Csaba. Csere, a recent study suggested ?____? ?____? ?____? ?____? ?____??____? ?____? ?____? ?____? ?____?. ?4. After the new limit was signed into the law, the actual speed limit of each state is ?____??____? ?____? ?____? ?____??____? ?____? ?____? ?____? ?____?. ?5. According last paragraph, the old national speed limit related to ?____? ?____? ?____? ?____? ?____??____? ?____? ?____? ?____? ?____?. 答案部分 短文大意 ?本文主要谈论是以蒙大拿州人为例的美国人渴望取消现行的时速限制，简要描述了新的联 邦高速公路法案实施前，美国人行车速度现状，及新的法案实施后，不同地区不同的具体 规定，最后，文章指出，仍有人对新的法案持不同意见。 ?1.【参考答案】1995 ?【答题技巧】 纵观全文进行简单的推理是本文的关键。 ?【详细解答】这个问题问的是写这篇文章的时间。文中第一段提到：……but now were p revented by federal law passed 22 years ago.“22 year”告诉我们，时速限制法距现 在是22年。文中第二段第三段均未再提及旧方案的问题，但最后一段的第一句话明确指出“The national speed limit was passed in 1973……”，那么，经过简单的推理，两个数 字相加；即：1995。 ?2.【参考答案】fear to be unpopular ?【答题技巧】由结果推向原因，是本题的技巧。 ?【详细解答】问题是：克林顿签署新的联邦高速公路法案是出于什么原因。这是一个因果 型的问题。第二段的第一句话是：…，when a new federal highway bill was signed into law by President Clinton.这样，我们找出了事情的结果，接下来，文章继续告诉我们 可能是由于克林顿的父亲在交通事故中丧生，所以总统承认对这项法案感到十分担忧，但是 ，很显然如果他否决这项法案将十分不得人心。(a veto would have been most unpopular ).因此，我们可得出结论：也许是担心会不得人心。 ?3.【参考答案】the old speed limit is disregarded ?【答题技巧】根据事实找结论，是本题的技巧。 ?【详细解答】本题问的是最近的调查表明了什么。在第二段的结尾，可以看到：A recent study found that average speed on interstate highways in Michigan was 74mph.Until this week ,the official limit was 55mph on urban freeways and 65mph on rural expressways.(在密执安州州际公路上行驶的车辆的平均速度是74/小时，但直到本周，城市 车道的法定时速限制是55公里/小时，乡村高速公路是65英里/小时)这句话具体告诉了调查的内容，但这是现象，由现象我们发现实际车速比法定的要高许多，即：人们忽视了时速限定法。其实，这个结论在前面也可以找到原话：The old speed limit was “about the most disregarded”law in American. ?4.【参考答案】different (from each other)/quiet different ?【答题技巧】 归纳总结后得出结论是本题的唯一办法。 ?【详细解答】 本题问的是，新限制法案颁布后，各州的实际速度限制怎么样。这个题的 答案在文中是找不是相应原文的，必经过总结后才能得出。第三段整个介绍了：两部九个州 直接把速度提高到70英里/小时，内华达，怀俄明，堪萨斯提高至75英里/小时，蒙拿大更自由了，而东海岸地区，仍然为55——65英里/小时，经过分析。不难得出，各州情况很不相同。无论答案怎么写，但different一词，是必须要有的。 ?5.【参考答案】oil crisis ?【答题技巧】 综合考虑是本题的关键。 ?【详细解答】 本题问的是旧的国家时 速限制与什么有关。本题只要看懂了最后一段的前 两句话，问题就有了结论。前两句的意思是：国家时速法案1973年通过，当时第一次石油危机使燃料价格增长了两倍。到了1974年，国会明令为50英里/小时，石油危机过后提高到55英里/小时。通过这两句话我们得知，1973年 法规的制定与74年的修改，都与oil crisis有关，因此，答案理应为oil crisis. |
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改错部分 For well over a century, one street in New York? City has been known for the heart of the American 1. ?___?? theater. The name of the street is Broadway. Mention? that name to anyone has ever visited New York, and 2. ?___?? he will remember bright lights, eager crowds, and? electric air of excitement. 3. ?___? Over the years, Broadway has been known success 4. ?___?? and failure, praise and scorn. In recent time it? has faced special problems, both in artistic and 5. ?___?? financial. Yet, in spite all its imperfections, Broadway 6. ?___?? remains the center of the theatrical activity in the? United States. The goal of young performers in the? U.S. is still to act in a Broadway play.? On Broadway, a play must be popular to attract 7. ?___ ?? audiences over a long period of time. A long run is? essnetial because Broadway theaters are given financial 8. ?___?? support by the government, as are leading theaters? in most other countries. Instead, funds are? raised to individual productions and must be repaid to 9. ?___?? the investors,if at all possible. The producers need? to find plays which will please audiences. Often the? result is a play with little artistic price. 10. ?___ 答案部分 1. 【参考答案】将for改为as。 ? 【参考译文】 一个多世纪以来，纽约的一条街道甚是因美国的戏剧中心而闻名。 ? 【试题分析】 本题是介词误用的问题而导致词组意义的改变。 ?【详细解答】 词组be known for和be known as 都有“以……闻名”之意，区别在于be known for这个结构要说明的是某物或某人因有某个特点而闻名，这个特点并不等于事物或人物本身。如 ：She is known for her generosity. Guilin is known for its beautiful sceneries; 而be known as结构中，跟在as后面的成分与充当主语的成分之间是可以划等号的。如：She’s known as a great singer; Sammud Clemens, know as Mark Twain, became a famous American writer。 ?2. 【参考答案】将anyone has ever visited改为anyone who has ever visited。 ? 【参考译文】 这条街就是百老汇大街。向任何去过纽约的人提到这条街，他就会想起明亮的街灯，热切的人群，和那种非常兴奋的热烈气氛。 ? 【试题分析】 本题是缺少定语从句关系代词的问题。 ?【详细解答】 mention that name to anyone已经算得上是一个成分齐全结构完整的句 子，后面如果再跟其成分，就只能是一个修饰anyone的定语，而has ever visited New York city在句中只能作谓语成分，与前面一句相联系，须加关系代词who，使之成为anyone的定语从句。 ?3. 【参考答案】将electric air改为an electric air。 ? 【参考译文】 同上句。 ? 【试题分析】 此题属于误解词意的问题。 ?【详细解答】 air一词作“空气”讲时，是不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，如breathing in the fresh morning air, There was a smell of buring leaves in the air. air 作“气氛，样子”讲时，是不可数名词，尤其是前面有形容词修饰时，一般应加冠词，如： There was an air of excitement in the meeting. He has an air of importance.而文 中的air正是“气氛”之意，an electric air of excitement指热烈激动的气氛。 ?4. 【参考答案】将has been known success改为has known success。 ? 【参考译文】 几年以来，百老汇经历过成功与失败，受到赞扬与蔑视。 ? 【试题分析】 不了解词义而导致被动语态的误用。 ?【详细解答】 删去been,变Broadway has been known success.为Broadway has known success and failure，可得到一个“主语+谓语+宾语”的主动结构，句中known意为“经历，体验”如：He has known both grief and happiness.悲伤和欢乐的滋味他都尝过。还有一点值得注意，一般不用be known by somebody这个被动结构。 ?5. 【参考答案】将both in artistic and financial改为both artistic and financial。 ? 【参考译文】 近年来，百老汇面临着艺术和经济上的很多特殊问题。 ? 【试题分析】 本题属于滥用介词的错误。 ?【详细解答】 这里artistic和financial两个形容词是special problems的后置定语，如还原其位置，可以放在special problem前直接起修饰作用，因此不需要加介词。 ?6. 【参考答案】将in spite 改为in spite of。 ? 【参考译文】 然而，尽管有种种不尽如人意的地方，百老汇仍旧是美国戏剧活动的中心。 ? 【试题分析】 本题是误用固定搭配的问题。 ?【详细解答】 in spite of虽然，尽管……仍，总是一起使用，不可缺一，后面跟名词词组或名词性从句。如：I went out in spite of rain.尽管下雨，我仍然外出。In spite of a slight improvement in sales, the company is still making a loss.公司的销售情况虽然稍有改善，但还在亏本。 ?7. 【参考答案】将popular to attract改为popular enough to attract。 ? 【参考译文】 在百老汇，一出戏剧必须非常受欢迎，能够长期地吸引住观众。 ? 【试题分析】 本题是没有正确使用限定词的错误。 ?【详细解答】 “形容词+enough+动词不定式”这个固定的结构常用来表示“……得足够 ……”之意，如：Would you be kind enough to let us know the date of your arrival?请你把到达的日期告诉我们好吗? ?8. 【参考答案】将are given改为are not given。 ? 【参考译文】 像其它国家大多数重要的剧院一样，由于没有得到政府的经济资助，长期的连续演出对于百老汇剧院是非常必要的。 ? 【试题分析】 本题属于没有理解文章意思，没有正确使用否定形式。 ?【详细解答】 从译文以及从上下文来看，此处应是百老汇的剧院没有得到政府的资助， 如果有政府的资助，百老汇剧院就不必像文章所说的那样窘迫了，因此应加not。 ?9. 【参考答案】将funds are raised to 改为funds are raised for。 ? 【参考译文】 如果有可能的话，会为某一部戏剧集资，而且戏剧的收入必须偿还给投资者。 ? 【试题分析】 本题是没有弄清句子结构，误用介词的问题。 ?【详细解答】 从结构上说，funds are raised to后面应该跟动词，表示要集资的目的 是为“做某事”，如：Funds are raised to improve the football pitch.筹集资金维修足 球场 。而funds are raised for后面应该跟名词，表示“为谁”而集资。如：Funds are raised for children who were deprived of education.为失学儿童筹集资金。而文章中 说的是：individual productions,所以应该把to改为for。 ?10. 【参考答案】将artistic price改为artistic value。 ? 【参考译文】 经常会导致一出戏剧没有什么艺术价值。 ? 【试题分析】 本题是误用形近词，词义混淆的错误。 ?【详细解答】 price指的是物品的价格。如：What’s the price of this suit?这套西服价钱是多少?House prices are rising.房价正在上涨。而value指的是某物的价值或重要性。如：Because of continual price increases, the value of the pound has fallen in recent years.近年来，由于物价不断上升，英镑的价值下跌了。文中指戏剧没有多少艺术价值，应用value,而不应用price。 |
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TEST 7 ??
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改错部分
1.【参考答案】将like being liked by their friends改为as being liked by |
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