First listen and then answer the following question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
In what two areas have people made no‘progress’at all?
Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world? Surely because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest．Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality, it has made extraordinary progress in the accumulation of knowledge．Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual could be communicated to another by means of speech．With the invention of writing, a great advance was made,for knowledge could then be not only communicated but also stored．Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law,which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing．All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo was suddenly raised．Then knowledge began to be accumulated according to asystematic plan．The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent．Moreover, as soon as new knowledge is acquired, it is now turned to practical account．What is called‘modern civilization’is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature, but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life．The problem now facing humanity is: What is going to be done with all this knowledge? As is so often pointed out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which can be used equally for good or evil．It is now being used indifferently for both．Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than that of gunners using science to shatter men's bodies while, close at hand, surgeons use it to restore them? We have to ask ourselves very seriously what will happen if this twofold use of knowledge, with its ever-increasing power,continues.
G.N.M.TYRRELL The Personality of Man
New words and expressions生词和短语
loom(1.1)[lu:m]v．赫然耸起
torrent(1.10)[ˈtɔrənt]n．滔滔洪流
manifest(1.2)[ˈmænifest]adj．明显的
humanity(1.13)[hju:ˈmæniti]n．人类
morality(1.3)[məˈræliti]n．道德
indifferently(1.15)[inˈdifərənt]adv．不在乎地
communicate(1.5)[kəˈmju:nikeit]v．交流，交际
grimly(1.15)[ɡrimli]adv．可怖地
compound(1.7)[ˈkɔmpaund]adj．复合的
whimsical(1.15)[ˈhwimzikəl]adj．怪诞的
enhance(1.8)[inˈhɑ:ns]v．增进
shatter(1.16)[ˈʃætə]v．毁坏
tempo(1.9)[ˈtempəu]n．速率
twofold(1.17)[ˈtu:fəuld]adj．双重的
trickle(1.10)[ˈtrikl]n．涓涓细流
Notes on the text课文注释
1with the invention of writing，短语中的with是“由于”的意思。
2education in its turn added to libraries，教育反过来也丰富了藏书。
3a kind of compound interest law，一种复利法则。compound interest law 有时也被称作雪球法则。即利上滚利，增长很快。
4turn…to account，利用……。
5Could any spectacle，…to restore them？这句话从形式上是个疑问句，但实质上起一个加强语气的陈述句的作用，这种疑问句常被称为修辞疑问句。
Refer to the text to see how the following words have been used, then write sentences of your own using these words: loom so large (1.1); manifest (1.2); accumulation(1.4); enhanced (1.8); indifferently (1.15); spectacle (1.15); grimly whimsical (1.15); twofold (1.17)
The paragraph段落
ADrawing your information from lines 4-13(‘Knowledge began … practical life.’) write a list of points in note form to answer the following question: How did the growth of knowledge follow‘a kind of compound interest law’?
BRead lines 13-18 again．(‘The problem … continues.’) Then, using the list of points given below, reconstruct the author's argument in your own words as far as possible．Do not refer to the passage untilyou have finished the exercise.
1Problem facing humanity: what to do with knowledge.
2Two-edged weapon: good and evil.
3Used for both.
4Ironical use of science．E.g．gunner----wounded men----surgeons.
5Where will this twofold use lead?
CWrite a paragraph of about 200 words on one of the following subjects:
1Support the author's view that mankind has undergone no general improvement in intelligence or morality.
2Support the author's view that knowledge is a two-edged weapon.
Key structures关键句型
ASupply the correct form of the verbs in parentheses in these sentences．Do not refer to the passage until you have finished the exercise:
1Knowledge began to increase as soon as the thoughts of one individual ____ (can communicate) to another by means of speech．With the invention of writing, a great advance ____ (make), for knowledge then not only ____ (can communicate) but also ____ (store)．(11.4-6)
2The growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound interest law, which greatly ____ (enhance) by the invention of printing．All this was comparatively slow until, with the coming of science, the tempo suddenly ____ (raise)．Then knowledge began to ____ (accumulate) according to a systematic plan．(11.7-10)
3Moreover, as soon as new knowledge ____ (acquire), it now ____ (turn) to practical account.(11.10-11)
4As so often ____ (point) out, knowledge is a two-edged weapon which ____ (can use) equally for good or evil．It now ____ (use) indifferently for good or evil, (11.13-14)
BStudy this sentence pattern:
Libraries made education possible．(1.6)
Write sentences using make in the same pattern with the following words: unnecessary; desirable;unrecognizable.
CCompare these two sentences:
Instead of saying: The problem which now faces humanity …
We can say: The problem now facing humanity … (1.13)
Complete the following sentences:
1People emigrating long dashes,____
2All aeroplanes arriving long dashes, ____
3Ships sailing long dashes,____
DCompare the expressions in italics in these two sentences:
Instead of saying: What is called‘modern civilization’is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature, but of accumulated knowledge which has been applied to practical life.
We can say: What is called‘modern civilization’is not the result of a balanced development of all man's nature, but of accumulated knowledge applied to practical life．(11.11-13)
Complete the following sentences:
1Photographs taken ____
2Passports issued ____
3Passengers delayed ____
Special difficulties难点
AStudy the following pairs of words and then write sentences of your own to bring out the difference.
1surely (1.1)----certainly
Surely you can ride a bike!
I don't know how far it is to Edinburgh, but it's certainly a long way.
2extraordinary (1.3)----outstanding
Fancy meeting you here! What an extraordinary coincidence! (=unusual, surprising)
Sarah is a woman of extraordinary ability.
Sarah's ability is quite outstanding．(=exceptional, possibly unique)
3spectacle (1.15)----view
The National Day parade was a magnificent spectacle.
We had a really good view of the beach from where we stayed．
BWrite sentences using the following words and phrases:
more and more (1.2); by means of (1.5); in its turn (1.7); a kind of (1.7); comparatively (1.8); according to (1.9);at hand (1.16).
CWhat do you understand by the following metaphor:
The trickle became a stream; the stream has now become a torrent．(1.10)
DNote the use of ever-in this phrase: its ever-increasing power．(1.17)
Write sentences using the following expressions:
ever-expanding; ever-changing; ever-diminishing.
Multiple choice questions多项选择题
Choose the correct answers to the following questions.
Comprehension理解
1One of these statements is true．Which one?
a．Humans today have greatly improved in moral behaviour.
b．Advances in human intelligence have made progress possible.
c．The body of knowledge available to humans becomes greater and greater.
d．Knowledge increases, morality declines.
2One of the greatest advances humans have made is in their ability ____.
a．to learn about things
b．to tell other people what they have learned
c．to think about what they have learned
d．to keep records of things they have learned
3One of these statements is true．Which one?
a．The rate of growth of knowledge becomes faster and faster.
b．Libraries increase with amazing speed．
c．The invention of printing had a minor effect on the growth of knowledge.
d．The compound interest law is the basis of everything.
4As soon as human beings learn something new, they ____.
a．find out more about‘modern civilization’
b．use it for the benefit of mankind
c．make it work for them
d．create a systematic plan
Structure句型
5Knowledge began to increase as soon as humans could ____ with each other．(11.4-5)
a．communicating
b．communicate
c．to communicate
d．be communicate
6Knowledge could not only be communicated but stored ____．(1.6)
a．as well
b．together
c．both
d．either
7Knowledge began ____ accumulated according to a systematic plan．(11.9-10)
a．to
b．was
c．to being
d．being
8What are they going ____ with all this knowledge? (1.13)
a．to be done
b．to do
c．do
d．doing
Vocabulary词汇
9Progress of a particular kind is actually ____ around us．(11.1-2)
a．doing
b．making
c．occurring
d．taking part
10The growth of knowledge was greatly ____ by the invention of printing．(11.7-8)
a．reduced
b．applied
c．renewed
d．improved
11As soon as new knowledge is ____, it is turned to practical account．(11.10-11)
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