演讲题目：The warrior who defeated the mighty Mughals

演讲简介：

1624年，莫卧儿皇帝贾汉吉尔接到消息，他的头号大敌——马利克·安巴尔又给了他一次重创。贾汉吉尔对击败这位对手执念极深，竟命人绘制了一幅自己张弓搭箭、射向安巴尔头颅的画像。那么，这位天才战术家究竟是谁？他又是如何登上权力舞台的？本篇将讲述安巴尔从奴隶少年到拥立国王的崛起之路。



中英文字幕

In 1624, Mughal Emperor Jahangir received word of yet another defeat at the hands of his greatest enemy: Malik Ambar.

1624年，莫卧儿皇帝贾汉吉尔收到消息他再次败于自己最大的敌人：马利克·安巴尔之手。

Despite coming to India as an enslaved youth, Ambar had risen to rule over the Indian Sultanate of Ahmednagar.

尽管安巴尔刚到印度时，身份只是一名奴隶，但他崛起后统治了印度的艾哈迈德讷格尔苏丹国。

And his brilliant military tactics had brought the Mughals' march of conquest to a screeching halt.

他出色的军事能力使莫卧儿军队的征服之旅戛然而止。

Jahangir was so obsessed with defeating his rival, he'd commissioned a painting of himself shooting an arrow at Ambar's skull.

贾汉吉尔太想要击败对手了，他找人画了一幅画，画中的他一箭射向了安巴尔的头骨。

Malik Ambar was born in the late 1540s in central Ethiopia as Chapu, a member of the Oromo people.

马利克·安巴尔于15世纪40年代末出生在埃塞俄比亚中部，原名查普，是奥罗莫人中的一员。

Every year, as part of ongoing conflicts with their neighbors, Oromo youth were among the thousands of Ethiopians captured and sold into the Indian Ocean Slave Trade.

每年，在与邻国持续不断的冲突中奥罗莫青年们和成千上万的埃塞俄比亚人一起被俘虏并在印度洋奴隶贸易中被贩卖，

In this part of the world, enslaved individuals retained some legal rights and enslavers could be held accountable for severe mistreatment.

在这个地区，奴隶保留着一些合法权利，奴隶主可能会因严重虐待行为而被追究责任。

There was also less legal discrimination against previously enslaved people, allowing some individuals who gained their freedom to acquire great wealth and power.

对做过奴隶的人的法律歧视也更少，允许重获自由的奴隶获得巨大的财富和权力。

However, these circumstances shouldn't overshadow the trauma of enslavement, which violently severed individuals from their lives and loved ones.

但是，这些情况不应该掩盖被奴役带来的创伤，它粗暴地打破了人们的生活，切断了他们和亲人的联系。

Around the age of 12, Chapu was among those taken into bondage.

在12岁左右，查普成了一名奴隶。

Captives were typically shipped to the Middle East or South Asia.

俘虏通常被运往中东或南亚。

Women were sold into sexual slavery as concubines or forced to become domestic servants, a position in which they often had to endure harassment and sexual violence.

妇女被卖为妾，沦为性奴隶或被迫做佣人，她们通常要忍受骚扰和性暴力。

Men were either purchased for dangerous physical labor or by wealthy individuals who trained them to become servants of the political and military elite.

男性奴隶要么被买来从事危险的体力劳动，要么被富人买下训练成仆从，服务政治和军事精英们。

Chapu was part of the latter group.

查普属于第二种情况。

He was taken to Baghdad, where he was educated in Arabic among other subjects and converted to Islam before being resold to the chief minister of Ahmednagar.

他被带到巴格达，在那里学习阿拉伯语等科目，并改信了伊斯兰教，然后被卖给了艾哈迈德讷格尔首相。

The minister himself was a formerly enslaved African, but after being freed, he'd risen through the ranks, becoming second in command to the sultan himself.

首相本人曾是一名黑人奴隶，被解放后，他的职级一路攀升，成为仅次于苏丹王的二把手。

Chapu— now known as Malik Ambar— became the chief minister's protege, observing him advise the sultan, enact policies, and navigate court politics.

查普——现名马利克·安巴尔 ——成了首相的门生，他亲眼目睹他为苏丹建言献策、颁布政令，把控朝政。

After the minister's death, his widow granted Ambar's freedom, and like many newly freed Africans in India at the time, Ambar became a mercenary soldier.

首相死后，他的遗孀准许安巴尔重获自由，与当时在印度的许多刚刚被释放的非洲奴隶一样，安巴尔成了一名雇佣兵。

Ahmednagar was frequently under attack from Mughal invaders, who were determined to expand their empire.

艾哈迈德讷格尔经常受到莫卧儿入侵者的攻击，莫卧儿帝国决心扩大自己的版图。

But Ambar's daring guerrilla tactics derailed the invaders' plans by interrupting Mughal supply lines.

但安巴尔大胆的游击战术切断了莫卧儿的补给线，从而破坏了他们的入侵计划。

Ambar's military success earned him a following, and in 1600, he used his influence to take advantage of a royal power vacuum.

安巴尔在军事上的成功为他赢得了追随者，1600年，他利用自己的影响力，趁王室出现权力真空之际，大举进攻。

After placing a young puppet ruler on the throne, Ambar became the regent and new chief minister.

在扶持一位年轻的傀儡皇帝登基后，安巴尔成了摄政王兼新任首相。

He also married his daughter to the new sultan, creating a direct tie to the royal family.

他还将女儿嫁给了新苏丹，与王室建立了直接联系。

Not all parties were pleased with Ambar's power grab, and the new sultan eventually conspired to remove Ambar from power.

并非各方都满意安巴尔的夺权行为，新苏丹最终密谋将安巴尔赶下台。

But before these plans could take form, both conspirators were mysteriously poisoned.

但是在这些计划成型之前，这两位同谋都被神秘地毒死了。

The sultan's five-year-old son was then placed on the throne, giving Malik Ambar, a once enslaved ex-soldier, complete political, economic, and military control over Ahmednagar.

苏丹王的五岁儿子继位，他给予马利克·安巴尔，这个曾经的奴隶和士兵，对艾哈迈德讷格尔在政治、经济、军事上的全面控制权。

Ambar remained in power for over 25 years, bringing long-term stability to the embattled region.

安巴尔执政超过25年，为这个战火纷飞的地区带来了长期稳定。

He built a new capital city, negotiated trade deals with Indian and European merchants, and reformed the tax system to better protect peasants.

他建立了新的首都，与印度和欧洲商人进行贸易谈判，改革税收制度以更好地保护农民。

But most importantly, he continued to foil the Mughal invasion.

但最重要的是，他继续挫败莫卧儿的入侵。

His ragtag army of local Indians, enslaved and newly freed Africans was religiously and ethnically diverse, yet they were united by Ambar's leadership.

他的军队由当地印度人、奴隶和新解放的非洲人组成，虽然宗教和种族各不相同，但他们在安巴尔的领导下团结一心。

And he made up for his lack of numbers by launching lightning attacks that demoralized and exhausted the Mughal troops long before they reached the battlefield.

为了弥补人数上的不足，他发动了闪电攻击，使莫卧儿军队在到达战场之前就士气低落、疲惫不堪。

Jealous of Ambar's success and popularity, some of his enemies accused him of maintaining power through sorcery and devil worship.

由于嫉妒安巴尔的成功和声望，他的一些敌人指责他通过巫术和恶魔崇拜来维持权力。

Others begrudgingly acknowledged his piety, generosity, and military genius.

其他人则勉强承认了他的虔诚、慷慨和军事天赋。

Regardless, very few ever outmaneuvered him.

无论如何，很少有人能胜过他。

Malik Ambar died of natural causes in 1626, leaving Ahmednagar to his son, who was unable to maintain his father's military record.

马利克·安巴尔于 1626年自然死亡，将艾哈迈德讷格尔留给了他的儿子，但他的儿子无法保持父亲的军事记录。

Just seven years later, the sultanate finally fell to the Mughal forces— heralding the fall of the kingdom Ambar had risen to lead.

仅仅七年后，苏丹国最终落入莫卧儿军队之手--这预示着安巴尔崛起并领导的王国走向衰落。