America's first restaurant was called Delmonico's.

美国的第一家餐厅叫做Delmonico ’s餐厅。

It started in 1830 in New York.

它于1830年在纽约创立。

And Yale University history professor Paul Freedman says it had a big effect on the food Americans eat.

耶鲁大学历史学教授保罗·弗里德曼说，这对美国人的饮食有很大影响。

"It defined what elegant food was in the 19th century United States,

“它定义了19世纪美国的优雅食物，

and that has influenced…the food that is eaten today," Freedman said.

也影响了今天的饮食。”弗里德曼说。

Delmonico's invented famous foods like lobster Newberg and baked Alaska.

Delmonico’s 餐厅发明了著名的食物，比如龙虾纽堡和烤焙阿拉斯加。

It continues to serve those and other favorites at its New York City location.

它在纽约店继续提供这些和其他受欢迎的产品。

"It's created in the 1830s, but in 1890, it's still considered the best restaurant in the U.S.," Freedman said.

“它创建于19世纪30年代，但在1890年，它仍然被认为是美国最好的餐厅，”弗里德曼说。

A lot of restaurants elsewhere called themselves "the Delmonico's of" whatever city they were in, he added.

他补充说，其他地方的很多餐馆都自称是“XX城市的Delmonico’s餐厅 ”。

In his book, "Ten Restaurants That Changed America,"

在他的书《改变美国的十家餐厅》中，

Freedman names nine other restaurants that greatly influenced what Americans eat.

弗里德曼还列举了另外九家对美国人饮食产生重大影响的餐厅。

"I chose them both for just the delight of restaurants as places,

“我选择这十家餐厅，不仅是为了享受餐厅带来的乐趣，

but also as a way of talking about American history," he says.

也是为了借此谈论美国历史。”他说。

"Because you can't talk about restaurants without talking about ethnicity, immigration…and different social settings.

“因为你不能不谈到种族、移民……以及不同的社会环境。

So, this was intended… as a history of American society seen through its restaurants."

所以，我们的目的是……通过餐厅来了解美国社会的历史。”

Howard Johnson's is on the list.

霍华德·约翰逊餐厅在名单上。

It was one of America's first chain restaurants.

这是美国最早的连锁餐厅之一。

A chain restaurant provides exactly the same food selections no matter which restaurant a person visits.

一个连锁餐厅提供完全相同的食物选择，无论他去哪个餐厅。

Howard Johnson's were built along highways.

霍华德·约翰逊餐厅建在高速公路旁。

"It was roadside food. It was chain food.

“它是路边食品，是连锁食品。

It pioneered the franchise as a way of expansion, "Freedman said.

它开创了特许经营的一种扩张方式。”弗里德曼说。

The company's founder, Howard Deering Johnson,

该公司的创始人霍华德·迪尔林·约翰逊还说，

built his restaurants so that drivers could easily identify them, he added.

他开设餐厅的目的是让司机很容易认出他们。

Howard Johnson's did not survive the competition it helped create, like McDonald's and other fast-food restaurants.

像麦当劳和其他快餐店一样，霍华德·约翰逊在它帮助创造的竞争中没有生存下来。

Also on the list is the Mandarin, a Chinese restaurant opened in San Francisco in 1961 by Cecilia Chang.

同样在榜单上的还有1961年由江孙芸在旧金山开的中国餐馆“福禄寿”。

She remade Americans' idea of Chinese food, making it luxurious, Freedman said.

弗里德曼说，她重塑了美国人对中餐的看法，使之变得奢华。

Other women-run restaurants Freedman writes about include Sylvia's in Harlem.

弗里德曼提到的其他女性经营的餐厅包括哈莱姆区的西尔维亚餐厅。

Born in South Carolina, Sylvia Woods brought Southern cooking

西尔维娅·伍兹出生在南卡罗来纳，她把南方烹饪

and the idea of a neighborhood restaurant as a community gathering place to New York.

和社区餐馆作为社区聚集地的想法带到了纽约。

It "is also an example of the story of African American migration from the South to the North," Freedman said.

弗里德曼说，这"也是非洲裔美国人从南方向北方迁徙的一个例子"。

Mamma Leone's, also in New York, helped bring Italian food to the American people.

同样在纽约的Mamma Leone’s餐厅帮助将意大利食品带给了美国人。

Luisa Leone opened her eatery in 1906 and was able to expand beyond Italian American diners.

路易莎·莱昂内在1906年开了她的餐馆，除了意大利裔美国人喜欢，其他美国人也喜欢。

She created a model for other immigrant business owners to follow.

她为其他移民企业主树立了榜样。

"Mamma Leone's served something like 3,000 people a day, many of them tourists,

弗里德曼说：“Mamma Leone’s 餐厅每天接待的客人大约有3000人，其中很多是游客，

so a lot of people got their idea of what Italian food ought to be," Freedman said.

所以很多人都知道意大利菜应该是什么样子。”

Alice Waters opened Chez Panisse in Berkeley, California, in 1971.

1971年，爱丽丝·沃特斯在加州伯克利开设了潘尼斯之家餐厅。

She changed American cooking by using only local and in-season foods - a tradition that continues today.

她改变了美国的烹饪方式，只使用当地的时令食物，这一传统一直延续到今天。

Although these female restaurateurs served widely different foods, they all created restaurants that valued quality food.

尽管这些女性餐厅老板提供的食物差别很大，但她们都创建的餐厅都重视高质量食物。

It "was familiar but better," Freedman said.

它“虽然很大众，但食品很棒，”弗里德曼说。

"Better than the competition."

“比竞争对手强。”

The other restaurants on Freedman's list include The Four Seasons in New York.

弗里德曼名单上的其他餐馆包括纽约的四季餐厅。

It opened in 1959 and offered American food at a time when French food was popular.

它于1959年开业，提供美式食物，当时法国食物很受欢迎。

He includes Le Pavillon in New York, Antoine's in New Orleans and Schrafft's in Boston.

他还讲述了在纽约开设的Le Pavillon餐厅，在新奥尔良开设的Antoine餐厅，在波士顿开设的Schrafft餐厅。

Most of Freedman's picks are on the East or West Coast.

弗里德曼选择的餐厅大都在东海岸或西海岸。

"I think it has to do with New York and San Francisco being ports,

“我认为这与纽约和旧金山是港口有关，

and so, the first place where immigrants opened up restaurants," he said.

因此，它们是移民开设餐馆的首选之地。”他说。

I'm Jill Robbins.

吉尔·罗宾斯为您播报。

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