Smoking is to be banned outside schools and hospitals in England as part of a crackdown on one of the UK's biggest killers and the country's most common cause of cancer.

英国将在学校和医院附近禁烟，以严厉打击这个英国的头号杀手及最常见的癌症病因之一。



But the government has dropped plans to outlaw smoking outside pubs and restaurants, prompting health campaigners to complain about "vested interests" covertly influencing policy.

但政府已放弃在酒吧和餐馆外禁烟的计划，这引起了健康活动家的抱怨，指责“既得利益者”暗中影响政策。

The health secretary, Wes Streeting, said it was a "sensible package to tackle what is still one of Britain's biggest killers … but also to clamp down on the scourge of use of vaping".

卫生大臣韦斯·斯特里汀表示，这是一项“明智的举措，旨在解决英国的头号杀手之一……同时也严厉打击电子烟滥用问题”。

He said he had listened to the hospitality industry's concerns about smoking outside venues. "To be fair to the hospitality industry, they've taken a real battering in recent years – I don't think it's in anyone's interest for us to worsen that situation," he said.

他表示，自己听取了酒店业对场所外吸烟的担忧。“公平地说，酒店行业近年来遭受了重创——我认为我们让情况变得更糟并不符合任何人的利益，”他说。

"So we listened to what the hospitality industry said and therefore we're not proposing to go ahead with an outdoor hospitality ban at this stage."

“因此，我们听取了酒店行业的意见，目前并不打算推行户外酒店禁烟令。”

The extension of the existing ban on smoking indoors to some outdoor settings is contained in the delayed tobacco and vapes bill, which will finally be laid before parliament on Tuesday.

将现有的室内禁烟令扩展到部分户外场所的烟草和电子烟法案因故推迟， 但将于周二最终提交议会审议。

It aims to make the UK the first country in the world to eradicate smoking by raising the age at which people can buy cigarettes by one year every year until no one can legally do so.

该法案旨在通过每年将购买香烟的最低年龄提高一岁，直至无人合法购买，使英国成为世界上第一个根除吸烟的国家。

The legislation will also ban the advertising of vapes, and sponsorship by vaping companies, amid alarm over a rise in the number of children and other young people taking up the habit. It will restrict the flavours, packaging and marketing of vapes, which critics say are used to lure under-18s into using them.

该法案还将禁止电子烟广告和电子烟公司的赞助， 由于儿童和其他年轻人吸烟人数上升，引发担忧。并限制电子烟的口味、包装和营销，批评人士表示，这些手段被用来诱使18岁以下人群使用电子烟。

The hospitality trade welcomed the government's decision to drop plans to prohibit smoking outside pubs, cafes and restaurants and said it would help prevent pubs closing and jobs disappearing.

酒店行业对政府放弃在酒吧、 咖啡馆和餐馆外禁烟的计划表示称赞，并称此举将有助于防止酒吧倒闭和失业。

The Guardian disclosed on 25 October that the plan – which Keir Starmer had appeared to support when it first emerged in August – had run into opposition from inside Downing Street, with officials describing it as an "unserious" policy not backed by evidence.

《卫报》10月25日披露，这项8月首次提出时基尔·斯塔默似乎表示支持的计划，在唐宁街内部遭到反对， 官员们称这是一项“不认真”且缺乏证据支持的政策。

"Had this restriction been introduced it would have led to many pubs shutting their doors and jobs being lost and so we welcome the government's change of heart and proportionate approach," said Emma McClarkin, the chief executive of the British Beer and Pub Association.

“如果实施这项限制，将导致许多酒吧关门大吉，员工失业，因此我们欢迎政府改变主意，采取合理的做法，” 英国啤酒与酒吧协会首席执行官艾玛·麦克克拉克林表示。

Kate Nicholls, the boss of UK Hospitality, said the mooted ban had caused "angst among hospitality businesses", which worried that it would increase costs and drive away customers.

英国酒店业协会负责人凯特·尼科尔斯表示，这项提议的禁令引发了“酒店行业的恐慌”， 他们担心这会增加成本并吓跑顾客。

Caroline Cerny, the deputy chief executive of Action on Smoking and Health, voiced frustration that the bill had been watered down after behind-the-scenes lobbying by commercial interests.

英国吸烟与健康行动组织副首席执行官卡罗琳·塞尔尼对商业利益幕后游说导致法案被削弱表示失望。

Health organisations will keep pushing ministers, and also the devolved administrations, to forbid smoking outside hospitality venues, by stressing the harm secondhand smoke can do.

卫生组织将继续敦促部长们以及地方政府，通过强调二手烟的危害， 禁止在酒店业场所外吸烟。

"We welcome the government taking overarching powers to limit exposure to secondhand smoke outdoors and that they intend to move quickly in areas with the most consensus," she said.

“我们欢迎政府采取总体措施限制户外二手烟暴露，并打算在共识最大的领域迅速采取行动，” 她说。

Given that people working in and visiting hospitality settings are exposed to secondhand smoke, we're sure both the government and the hospitality sector will want to see smoking restrictions applied here too.

鉴于在酒店业场所工作和消费的人群会接触到二手烟， 我们确信政府和酒店行业都希望在这里也实施禁烟规定。

"This is the start of an important 'national debate' which should be shaped out in the open by health evidence and public opinion, not behind closed doors by industry with vested interests. We will continue to push for ambitious legislation that will protect as many people as possible."

“这是重要‘全民讨论’的开始，应该由健康证据和公众意见在公开场合决定， 而不是由有既得利益的行业在幕后决定。我们将继续推动雄心勃勃的立法，以尽可能多地保护人们。”

Streeting told Times Radio that he understood there would be criticism of the balance the government had struck. The health secretary himself is known to favour a wider ban.

斯特里汀在接受《泰晤士报》电台采访时表示，他理解政府所做的权衡会招致批评。众所周知，卫生大臣本人是支持更广泛禁烟的。

"There will be people who I suspect will say we've got the balance wrong and that we were wrong to listen to concerns of hospitality. That is a legitimate argument, it is a debate we've had inside government about where we draw the line, how you get the choices and the trade-offs right," he said.

“有些人可能会说，我们权衡得不对，我们不该听取酒店行业的担忧。这是一个合理的论点，也是我们在政府内部就如何划定界限、 如何做出选择和权衡而展开的讨论，”他说。

Asked if people who go to a pub garden were choosing to take the risk, he replied: "Yes, and we could have gone further in terms of saying, 'Well, in that case, we're going to clamp down on outdoor hospitality spaces,' but we had to also weigh up the current pressures on that sector."

当被问及去酒吧花园的人是否选择自担风险时，他回答说：“是的，我们本可以更进一步， ‘在这种情况下，我们要对户外酒店空间进行管制’，但我们也不得不权衡一下该行业目前面临的压力。”

The bill will give ministers the power to ban smoking in certain outdoor areas, subject to a public consultation, with places where children and vulnerable people gather the main focus. Playgrounds and locations outside schools and hospitals are likely to be the first settings in which it will be enforced.

该法案将赋予部长们在公众咨询后，在特定户外区域禁烟的权力， 重点是儿童和弱势群体聚集的地方。游乐场和学校、医院外的地点可能是首批执行禁烟令的场所。

New York City and Melbourne already operate smoke-free outdoor settings. The authorities in Greater Manchester have previously shown interest in banning lighting up in key locations in the city centre, such as Piccadilly Gardens, St Peter's Square and near the town hall.

纽约市和墨尔本已经实施了户外无烟环境。曼彻斯特当局此前曾表示有兴趣在该市中心的主要地点， 如皮卡迪利花园、圣彼得广场和市政厅附近禁烟。

Prof Chris Whitty, the chief medical officer for England, who is thought to have argued for the widest possible outdoor smoking ban, said the UK finally becoming "smoke-free" would lead to fewer stillbirths and cases of asthma in children, as well as reductions in cancer, strokes, heart disease and dementia.

英国首席医疗官克里斯·惠蒂教授被认为主张尽可能广泛的户外禁烟， 他表示，英国最终成为“无烟国家”将导致死胎和儿童哮喘病例减少，以及癌症、中风、 心脏病和痴呆症发病率下降。

"Secondhand smoke causes harm, including to children, pregnant women and medically vulnerable people, so reducing this is important. If vulnerable people can smell smoke, they are inhaling it," he said.

“二手烟有害健康，包括儿童、孕妇和体质虚弱者，因此减少二手烟很重要。如果弱势群体能闻到烟味，那他们就在吸入二手烟，”他说。

                                      素材来源：iYuba