For those of you that don't remember Elizabeth Holmes, because you somehow, I don't know, like, missed the competing podcast, the book,
如果你不记得伊丽莎白‧荷姆斯，也许是因为你错过了竞争对手的播客节目、书籍、
the documentary and the very public trial, let me remind you who she is.
纪录片，以及非常公开的审判，那就让我告诉你她是谁。
So she started Theranos under the premise that they would be creating a device that could read hundreds of medical tests through a single drop of blood.
她成立Theranos的前提是他们会创造出一个装置，能够透过一滴血液就读取数百种医疗检测。
Now she surrounded herself with government officials, venture capitalists and a bevy of high-gloss magazine covers.
她身边往来的对象都是政府官员和风险投资家，还上了一堆闪亮亮的杂志封面。
What she did not surround herself with, though, were medical experts as peers, right?
不过，她身边没有一种人，没有作为同行的医疗专家。
And so for many people, and for many of them that came close to her, they could realize pretty quickly that what she was selling just wasn't real.
所以，许多接近她的人很快就能知道她在兜售的东西不是真的。
And so for most folks, it's very clear that Elizabeth Holmes is a scammer.
所以对大部分人而言，显然伊丽莎白‧荷姆斯就是个骗子。
But have you ever listened to the rationalizations of her funders?
但各位有听过她的资助者怎么讲得头头是道吗？
That stuff is gold.
那东西被说得像黄金一样。
So out of all of her investors, my favorite interview is one with Don Lucas Sr.
在她所有的投资者中，我最喜欢的是老唐诺‧卢卡斯的访谈。
So Don Lucas Sr., who gave her millions of dollars, was asked to explain, "Why did you give her so much money?"
老唐诺‧卢卡斯给了她数百万美金，访谈请他解释：“你为什么给她这么多钱？”
And so he said, "Well, her great- grandfather was an entrepreneur."
他说：“嗯，她的曾祖父是个企业家。”
And it turns out the hospital near where her family lives is named for her great-uncle.
结果发现，她家人住所附近的医院是以她的曾伯父命名。
Yeah, so she was supposedly the best of both worlds and had supposedly learned both medicine and entrepreneurship through osmosis.
是啊，所以她应该是两个领域的菁英，也应该透过渗透作用学会了医学和企业家精神。
Another gem of an interview was with Tim Draper.
提姆‧德雷波的访谈也很赞。
So Tim Draper pushed back against an interviewer who asked, "Now, do you think that Elizabeth Holmes, being a family friend of yours,
提姆‧德雷波反驳了访谈者，访谈者问他：“你觉得伊丽莎白‧荷姆斯会成为你们家族的朋友，
had anything to do with you giving her so much money?"
跟你给她那么多钱有关系吗？”
He scoffed.
他嗤之以鼻。
I mean, he's a professional.
我是说，他是个专业人士。
He doesn't do trivial things like that.
他不做那种琐碎的小事。
He was a first investor in Tesla and Skype.
他是特斯拉和Skype的首位投资者。
He just knows who's going to go the distance.
他只知道谁会跑完全程。
And as we know, Theranos tanked, horribly and publicly,
如我们所知，Therano摔惨了，很惊人也很公开，
after opening 40 centers at Arizona-based Walgreens locations and endangering thousands of people who got blood tests that the company knew were going to be faulty.
A lie we get told again and again, is that broke folks are bad at money.
我们不断听到一个谎言：穷人很不会处理钱。
It's working-class folks who make bad decisions about money.
工薪阶级的人才会做出和钱相关的烂决策。
This brings us to our first lesson.
这就带出了我们的第一个教训。
People with wealth aren't better at making decisions.
有钱人不见得比较会做决策。
They get to make more bad decisions without it hurting them.
他们只是可以做更多烂决策还不会受到影响。
With the added bonus of being able to cause extensive harm to the people over whom they wield power.
还有额外的优势，就是能造成广泛的伤害，波及被他们支配或影响的人。
When broke folks make bad decisions about money, it only impacts them, not whole ecosystems.
而穷人若做出关于钱的烂决策，只会冲击到自己，不是整个生态系统。
The next famous scam artist I'd like to talk to you all about is the story of Margaret and Walter Keane.
我要谈的下一个知名诈骗艺术家，是玛格丽特和华特‧奇恩的故事。
Now in the 1960s, Walter got famous for painting.
在1960年代，华特因为画画而出名。
But guess what Walter doesn't do?
但你猜华特不会做什么？
Walter doesn't paint, OK?
华特不画画。
He steals all of the work from Margaret, right?
他所有的作品都是从玛格丽特那里偷来的。
And these beautiful pieces, known for their resonant features of children with big eyes, were shown off at clubs, at festivals, even at the UN.
这些美丽的作品，共同的著名特色之一就是儿童都有着大眼睛，在俱乐部、节庆，甚至联合国展出。
They made him millions of dollars.
他靠这些作品赚进数百万美金。
He even had celebrity clientele such as the Kennedy family.
他的客户中甚至有名人，比如甘迺迪家族。
Because of the difficulty of being taken seriously as an artist who was a woman, it was easy to erase Margaret from her work.
因为身为女性艺术家就会很难被认真看待，把玛格丽特从她的作品中抹除掉会让事情简单得多。
Walter even was able to convince her that this was the best way to get her work seen at all.
华特甚至有办法说服她这就是能让她的作品被看见的最佳方式。
Which brings us to our next point and lesson for the day.
这就要谈到今天的下一个教训。
In an unjust society,
在不公的社会中，
our social identities are often used as markers to decide whether we are worthy of being taken seriously or deserving of financial and other resources, OK?
我们的社会身分通常会被当作指标，是决定我们是否值得被认真看待或应该得到财务及其他资源。
And when I'm saying other resources, I'm saying sometimes it's money, sometimes it's food, sometimes it's housing, sometimes it's water.
我所谓的其他资源，有时是金钱，有时是食物，有时是住房，有时是水。
The next story that's coming up to me actually is not a scam artist story per se, but a triumph over scam artist story.
我接下来要讲的故事其实不是诈骗艺术家故事本身，而是战胜诈骗的艺术家的故事，
If I can diverge just for a little bit, is that OK, yeah?
能让我扯开话题一下吗？
And so I'm thinking so much about the story of Carlette Duffy.
我常在想卡蕾特‧达菲的故事。
So Carlette Duffy is a Black woman based in Indianapolis.
卡蕾特‧达菲是住在印第安纳波里斯的黑人女性。
And in 2020, she decided that she needed to refinance her home.
2020年，她认为需要把她的房子做重新贷款。
And so when she did that, she had two appraisal teams come down, and they both undervalued her home extensively.
她为了重新贷款，找来两个估价团队，而两个团队都大大低估了这间房子的价值。
The lowest appraisal being at 110,000 dollars.
最低的估价是十一万美金。
So she had an idea.
她想了个点子。
She took down every picture of her family from her home.
她把家中所有家人的照片都拿掉。
She removed every single piece of artwork that depicted Black people.
她移走了所有描绘黑人的艺术作品。
She removed all of her hair products and she called a friend, a white man that news outlets simply refer to as "Hank."
Well, don't you know that when Hank stood in for her at the next appraisal, her home went from being worth 110,000 dollars to 259,000 dollars.
各位知道吗，当汉克代替她参与下一次估价，她的房子价值从十一万美金变成了二十五万九千美金。
Does that sound like a scam to you?
各位觉得这听起来像是诈骗吗？
Because it sounds like a scam to me.
我觉得像是。
And in that story, what I think also comes up, is how common that scam is.
我认为这个故事也涉及到这种诈骗有多常见。
And it is one that's based in redlining practices and white supremacy culture.
这种诈骗是基于带有歧视的做法和白人至上文化。
Now the next and last scam artist that I would like to share with y'all is the amazing Anna Sorokin, aka Anna Delvey, OK?
我想介绍的下一位也是最后一位诈骗艺术家是很了不起的安娜‧索罗金，也叫安娜‧戴尔维。
Yeah, so some of y'all are fans, I could tell, OK.
我看得出来这里有她的粉丝。
Hide your wallets, OK?
把你们的皮夹藏好。
And so ...
所以……
So Anna Delvey pretended to be a German heiress, and she almost, every space she went into,
安娜‧戴尔维假装是德国贵族，几乎她每到一个地方，
she took the New York scene of financial institutions and socialites for a ride that would cost them 275,000 dollars.
她都会从纽约金融机构和上流社会人士身上诈骗到二十七万五千美金。
She lived in sprawling apartments, she flew on private jets, she vacationed on yachts, she ate meals that cost as much as my rent.
她住在宽敞的公寓，她搭私人飞机，她在游艇上渡假，她用餐的花费和我的房租差不多，
She said she was rich.
她说她很有钱。
She looked the part.
她看起来很符合这个角色。
And so as a result, people felt compelled to give her more money.
因此，大家觉得有必要给她更多钱。
Think of how ridiculous that sounds.
想想这听起来有多荒谬。
Because she said she was rich, she looked the part, people thought she also needed their money.
因为她说她很富裕，她看起来也名符其实，大家就觉得她也需要他们的钱。
Whether a gift or a loan,
不论是赠礼或贷款，
Anna would always promise to pay people back that decided they wanted to help her in supposedly urgent situations when she wasn't able to access her totally fictional but supposedly sprawling fortune.
those who are seen as being able to perform wealth are more likely to get funded than those in actual financial need.
被视为能够展现出财富的人很可能比那些真正有财务需求的人更能得到资金。
Not only is this a gross practice, it's an unsustainable one.
这个做法不仅恶劣，且无法持续。
In 2014, a study found that overconsumption and economic inequality leads to the collapse of civilizations.
2014年，一项研究发现过度消费以及经济不平等会导致文明的崩坏。
While having a lot of wealth may be able to buy you a PR team to make you more likable to the general population,
虽然有很巨额的财富可能可以让你买到一个公关团队让大众觉得你比较讨喜，
it doesn't make you a more skilled person.
但并不会让你更有技能、
It doesn't make you more capable, and it certainly doesn't make you more perceptive about the sustainability of resources.
也不会让你变得更有能力，且肯定不会让你对资源的永续性有更高的敏感度。
This idea that wealthy people are somehow more deserving is one that is very pervasive and one that many different types of people believe.
“富有的人就更值得”这个想法是很常见的想法，许多不同类型的人都相信这个想法。
In this society, because of all the systems we live under,
在这个社会中，因为我们所处的种种体制，
lots of broke folks also believe the idea that they are somehow less worthy than their wealthy counterparts.
许多穷人也相信这个想法：他们比富裕的人更不值得。
Scam artists actually know something that most of us in this room would deny or refuse to accept.
诈骗艺术家知道一件在座大部分人会否认或拒绝接受的事。
And that is, money doesn't typically come from hard work.
那就是：金钱通常不是来自于努力工作。
Money comes to those who hoard it.
金钱会流向囤积它们的人。
Money comes to those who are willing to exploit.
金钱会流向愿意剥削的人。
Money comes to those who work hard to bury the history of where money comes from.
金钱会流向努力掩埋掉金钱来源历史的人。
Billions of people live on this planet that work hard every single day that will live and die broke.
世界上有数十亿人每天努力工作，一生到死却都很穷困。
Money comes to financial institutions like Bank of America and JPMorgan Chase,
金钱会流向如美国银行和摩根大通这类金融机构，
who literally got their start in the transatlantic slave trade and will find themselves in the news every few years for denying loans to the very descendants of the same people they once owned.
who will pay top dollar for a coder behind a desk in Seattle but will pay darn near nothing for the hands of those that work tirelessly to mine the materials that make our devices function and to deliver our packages cheaply.
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